Ceteris paribus means

Correct option is B

✅ (b) keeping other things constant
· Ceteris paribus is a Latin term meaning "all other things being equal" or "holding other factors constant".
· Commonly used in economics to analyze the effect of one variable while keeping others unchanged.
❌ (a) same proportionate change in variables
· This definition misrepresents the concept.
· Ceteris paribus involves no change in other variables.
❌ (c) proportionate change in all variables
· Opposite to ceteris paribus, which assumes no change in other variables.
· Incorrect.
❌ (d) small change in all other variables
· Even a small change contradicts the assumption of “other things constant”.
· Wrong option.