At what temperature is milk heated for 30 minutes under the system of pasteurization?

Correct option is D

​​​Correct Answer:(d) 63°C​

Under the system of pasteurization, milk is heated to a temperature of 63°C and held at this temperature for 30 minutes. This process is known as low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) pasteurization. It effectively kills harmful bacteria and pathogens while preserving the nutritional value and flavor of the milk.

Pasteurization Methods:

1. Low-Temperature, Long-Time (LTLT):
• Temperature: 63°C
• Duration: 30 minutes
• Used for smaller-scale or traditional milk processing.
2. High-Temperature, Short-Time (HTST):
• Temperature: 72°C
• Duration: 15 seconds
• Commonly used for large-scale milk processing.
3. Ultra-High Temperature (UHT):
• Temperature: 135°C
• Duration: 2-5 seconds
• Ensures longer shelf life without refrigeration.

Information Booster:
● Pasteurization is named after Louis Pasteur, who developed the process in the 19th century.
● It is widely used to ensure the safety and extend the shelf life of milk and dairy products.
● Pasteurization eliminates harmful microorganisms like Salmonella, Listeria, and E. coli.
● LTLT pasteurization retains more of the milk's natural flavor compared to HTST or UHT.
● Raw milk can spoil quickly and pose health risks without pasteurization