Correct option is C
Explanation:
The correct chronological order of the above publications is:
The Edinburgh Review (E): The Edinburgh Review was first published in 1802. It became one of the most influential literary and political magazines in the early 19th century.
The Quarterly Review (D): The Quarterly Review was founded in 1809. It had a focus on conservative views and countered the radical stance of the Edinburgh Review.
The Westminster Review (C): The Westminster Review began in 1824. It was associated with the Whig and Radical movements of the time.
Fraser's Magazine (A): Fraser’s Magazine began in 1830 and was known for its literary and intellectual content during the period of Victorian literature.
The Spectator (B): The Spectator was first published in 1828, primarily as a political and literary magazine. It was important in shaping opinions during the early 19th century, particularly in terms of British Whig politics.
Thus, the correct chronological sequence is: E, D, C, B, A.
Information Booster:
The Edinburgh Review (1802):
- The Edinburgh Review was a quarterly publication that played a major role in shaping British intellectual and political culture in the 19th century.
- It was associated with Whig politics and was known for its critical essays on literature, politics, and culture, particularly in the context of the Napoleonic Wars and post-revolutionary Europe.
The Quarterly Review (1809):
- The Quarterly Review was a response to the Edinburgh Review, representing the conservative viewpoint in the literary world.
- Founded by William Gifford, it provided a more right-wing, Tory perspective on current events and literature.
The Westminster Review (1824):
- A publication with strong ties to liberal and radical thought, the Westminster Review was founded by figures like Jeremy Bentham and James Mill.
- The magazine was influential in promoting reformist politics and philosophical ideas during the early 19th century.
Fraser’s Magazine (1830):
- Fraser's Magazine was found in 1830 and it became one of the most respected literary magazines of the time.
- It focused on literature, history, and philosophy, featuring contributions from many important writers, including Thomas Carlyle and George Eliot.
The Spectator (1828):
- The Spectator was founded in 1828 and became one of the most prominent literary and political magazines in England.
- Its focus was on literary criticism, social issues, and political discourse and it has continued to play a major role in British media to this day.