Correct option is D
The 2-D viewing transformation pipeline involves several steps that transform the scene from world coordinates into device coordinates. The pipeline typically proceeds in the following order:
B. Map viewing coordinates to normalized viewing coordinates using window-viewpoint specifications: This step involves defining a window and viewpoint to map the viewing area in the world coordinates to a normalized coordinate system. The normalized coordinates are typically in the range [0, 1], making them easier to map to device coordinates.
C. Construct world-coordinates scene using modeling-coordinates transformations: In this step, the modeling transformations are applied to the objects in the world coordinates to generate the final scene. These transformations include scaling, rotation, translation, and other operations to position the objects within the world coordinates.
A. Convert world-coordinates to viewing coordinates: This step involves transforming the scene from world coordinates to viewing coordinates, which defines the observer's viewpoint. The viewing coordinates are set up relative to the viewpoint (camera position).
D. Map normalized viewpoint to device coordinates: Finally, the normalized coordinates are mapped to device coordinates, where they are placed on the screen or output device. This step involves converting the normalized coordinates into actual pixels or display units.
Information Booster:
1. Normalized coordinates allow for a consistent representation of coordinates independent of the actual screen size, which can then be mapped to the physical device.
2. Modeling transformations (scaling, rotating, translating) define how objects are positioned in the world.
3. The viewing transformation allows us to set the perspective and viewpoint from which the world scene is observed.
4. Device coordinates are the final coordinates mapped to the screen or display system, ready for rendering.
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