Arrange chronologically the programmes/schemes for Education.

A. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA)

B. Operation Blackboard (OB)

C. District Primary Education Programme (DPEP)

D. Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abiyan (RMSA)

E. Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct option is C

The chronological order of the educational programs is as follows:

1. Operation Blackboard (1987): Launched to improve primary school infrastructure with basic resources like blackboards, furniture, and teaching aids.
2. District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) (1994): Aimed at improving the quality of primary education and addressing regional disparities.
3. Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) (2001): A nationwide initiative aimed at achieving universal elementary education.
4. Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA) (2009): Focused on enhancing secondary education by improving enrollment, quality, and infrastructure.
5. Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan (2018): An integrated program covering education from preschool to senior secondary, with a focus on quality and inclusivity.

Information Booster

• SSA (2001) is the flagship program for universal elementary education in India, which focuses on the enrolment and retention of children in schools and enhancing educational quality.
• RMSA specifically addresses challenges related to secondary education, promoting enrollment, retention, and quality improvement at the secondary school level.
• Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan is a comprehensive initiative bringing together early childhood education, elementary education, and secondary education under one program for improved coordination and synergy.

Additional Knowledge

• The National Policy on Education (NPE) formulated in 1986, revised in 1992, laid the foundation for these programs, focusing on universal access, equity, and quality in education.
• DPEP was an outcome of the World Bank's Education Project, which aimed to improve the quality of education in rural areas.