Arne Naess coined the term -

Correct option is A

Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, coined the term "Deep Ecology" in 1973. It refers to an environmental philosophy that advocates for the intrinsic value of all living beings, regardless of their utility to humans, and promotes a deeper, more holistic approach to the environment and ecology.

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Deep Ecology (Option 1): Naess' concept focuses on a radical shift in how humans view nature, encouraging a profound ecological awareness and respect for the natural world. It emphasizes biocentrism, as opposed to anthropocentrism, where nature is seen as valuable in its own right, not merely for its utility to humans.

Homeostasis (Option 2): While a critical concept in biology and ecology, particularly in relation to living organisms' tendency to maintain balance within themselves, this term was not coined by Arne Naess but by the American physiologist Walter Cannon.

Integral Humanism (Option 3): This is a philosophical concept put forward by the Indian politician and philosopher Deendayal Upadhyaya, not Arne Naess. It focuses on an integrated approach to human development.

Volksgeist (Option 4): This term, meaning the "spirit of the people," was popularized by the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder and is unrelated to Arne Naess or environmental philosophy.