Amminization refers to:

Correct option is C

· Amminization = first step in mineralization, where organic nitrogen is converted to ammonia (NH₃).
· Followed by ammonification, where ammonia becomes ammonium (NH₄⁺).
· Standard sequence:
· Organic N → NH₃ (amminization)
· NH₃ → NH₄⁺ (ammonification)
· NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻ (nitrification)
Why other options are wrong
· (a) NH₃ → NO₃⁻ = nitrification.
· (b) Amide → ammonia is hydrolysis, not the general process.
· (d) Nitrate → ammonia = reduction, not amminization.