Correct option is A
Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (1921)"for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." His work on the photoelectric effect provided crucial evidence for the quantum nature of light, leading to the development of quantum mechanics.
The Photoelectric Effect:
The photoelectric effect refers to the phenomenon where light shining on a metal surface causes the emission of electrons from that surface. Classical physics couldn't fully explain this behavior, as it was assumed that light, being a wave, would only release electrons if its intensity (brightness) was high enough, regardless of its frequency (color). However, experiments showed that light's frequency mattered. Only light above a certain frequency (or energy) would release electrons, no matter how dim the light was.
- Theory of Relativity – Although Einstein is most famous for his Theory of Relativity (Special and General).
- Radioactivity – The Nobel Prize for Radioactivity was awarded to Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie in 1903.
- Doppler Effect – This principle was discovered by Christian Doppler and is related to the change in frequency of waves due to motion.
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