​According to the leader- member exchange theory, the sub-group of Low quality exchanges is viewed as:​

Correct option is A

In the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, out-groups refer to individuals who have low-quality exchanges with their leader. These individuals typically receive less attention and fewer resources from the leader and are viewed as less central to the decision-making process. In contrast, in-group members have high-quality exchanges with the leader and enjoy more benefits.

Information Booster:

• LMX theory explains how the relationship between leaders and followers influences organizational outcomes and individual satisfaction.
• In-group members are usually given more autonomy and trust, while out-group members are typically more marginalized.

Additional Knowledge:

• The LMX Theory is critical in understanding workplace dynamics and has been applied to teamwork, leadership styles, and organizational culture in educational settings.