​According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, what is at the top of the hierarchy?​

Correct option is C

The correct answer is (c) Self-actualization.

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, self-actualization represents the highest level of psychological development, where personal potential is fully realized after basic bodily and ego needs have been fulfilled. Maslow proposed that once individuals satisfy lower-order needs—such as physiological (food, water), safety (security), love/belonging (friendship, family), and esteem (self-respect, recognition)—they are motivated to achieve self-actualization.
Self-actualization involves pursuing inner talents, creativity, fulfillment, and personal growth. People striving for self-actualization seek to become everything they are capable of becoming, demonstrating autonomy, authenticity, and a profound sense of meaning in their lives.

Information Booster:

1. Definition of Self-Actualization:
   Self-actualization is the desire to become the most that one can be, fulfilling personal talents, creativity, and purpose.

2. Examples of Self-Actualization:
   It includes pursuing creative expression, seeking knowledge, engaging in altruistic behavior, and achieving personal goals.

3. Maslow's Pyramid Structure:
   Maslow’s pyramid ascends from physiological needs at the bottom, through safety, love/belonging, esteem, and finally self-actualization at the top.

4. Characteristics of Self-Actualized People:
   Traits often include autonomy, accurate perception of reality, problem-centering rather than self-centering, deep interpersonal relationships, and a continuous appreciation of life.

5. Importance in Education:
   Teachers must address students' lower-level needs first (like feeling safe and accepted) before they can help students realize their fullest academic and personal potential.

Additional Information:

• (a) Safety needs:
  Safety needs refer to protection from harm and security in one's environment. These are the second level of Maslow’s hierarchy, below belongingness and esteem needs.

• (b) Physiological needs:
  Physiological needs are the most basic human necessities, such as food, water, and sleep, forming the bottom of the hierarchy.

• (d) Self-esteem needs:
  Self-esteem needs involve the desire for respect, recognition, and feeling competent, which come before self-actualization but are not the final goal.