Arrange the early schools of psychology in order:

A. Structuralism
B. Functionalism
C. Behaviourism
D. Humanistic

Correct option is C

The correct chronological order of the early schools of psychology is:

1. A. Structuralism (Late 19th century): Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, this school focused on understanding the structure of the mind by analyzing its basic elements (sensations, images, feelings).
2. B. Functionalism (Early 20th century): Inspired by William James, this approach emphasized studying the purpose of mental processes in helping individuals adapt to their environments.
3. C. Behaviourism (1913 onwards): Championed by John B. Watson and later B.F. Skinner, this school rejected introspection and focused on observable behaviors and their relationship to stimuli.
4. D. Humanistic (1940s–1950s): Led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, this approach emphasized free will, self-actualization, and human potential, countering the deterministic views of behaviourism and psychoanalysis

Information Booster: 

1. Structuralism (1879–early 1900s)

   • Founder: Wilhelm Wundt (later expanded by Edward Titchener).
   • Focus: Breaking down mental processes into basic components using introspection.

2. Functionalism (1890s–1920s)

   • Founders: William James, John Dewey, G. Stanley Hall.
   • Focus: Understanding the purpose of mental processes and behavior for adaptation.

3. Psychoanalysis (1900s–1920s)

   • Founder: Sigmund Freud.
   • Focus: Exploring the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and inner conflicts.

4. Behaviorism (1913–1950s)

   • Founders: John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov.
   • Focus: Observable behavior and learning through conditioning (classical and operant).

5. Gestalt Psychology (1910s–1930s)

   • Founders: Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, Wolfgang Köhler.
   • Focus: Perception and problem-solving, emphasizing "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts."

6. Humanistic Psychology (1940s–1950s)

   • Founders: Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow.
   • Focus: Personal growth, free will, self-actualization, and human potential.

7. Cognitive Psychology (1950s–1970s)

   • Founders: Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Ulric Neisser.
   • Focus: Mental processes like thinking, memory, perception, language, and problem-solving.

8. Evolutionary Psychology (1980s onward)

   • Founders: David Buss, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby.
   • Focus: Explaining behavior and mental processes as adaptations shaped by natural selection.