A part of the cell other than the nucleus which has DNA and ribosomes and can thus make its own proteins is known as:

Correct option is D

Correct Answer is:(D) Mitochondria

Explanation:

• The mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are the only part of the cell, other than the nucleus, that contains its own DNA and ribosomes. This allows mitochondria to make their own proteins and carry out their own functions, such as energy production through the process of cellular respiration.

Information Booster:

• Mitochondria have their own circular DNA, similar to bacteria, which supports the theory of endosymbiosis (the idea that mitochondria originated from free-living bacteria).

• They possess ribosomes, which help in the synthesis of proteins required for energy production.

• Mitochondria are involved in generating ATP, which is the cell's main energy currency.

• They also play roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and calcium signaling.

• The number of mitochondria in a cell varies, depending on the cell's energy requirements (e.g., muscle cells contain many mitochondria).

Additional Information:

• Option (A) Endoplasmic reticulum: Involved in protein and lipid synthesis but does not contain its own DNA.

• Option (B) Ribosomes: Are the sites of protein synthesis but do not have their own DNA or the ability to make proteins independently.

• Option (C) Golgi apparatus: Involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids, but does not contain DNA.