A ________ is defined by the characteristics of technological innovation and increasing human interrelationships and globalization. It brings changes like increase in life expectancy, literacy, and gender equality, which brings natural balance.

Correct option is A

The correct answer is (a) Contemporary society
Explanation:
Contemporary society refers to the present-day social environment characterized by rapid technological advancement, global connectivity, and evolving social norms. These advancements have historically led to improvements in health, education, and equality compared to previous eras.
Information Booster:
● Globalization: The process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, and culture.
● Technological Innovation: The primary driver of contemporary social change, impacting how people work, learn, and interact.
● Social Progress: Contemporary eras are marked by a shift toward human rights, gender equality, and universal literacy.
● Interconnectivity: Modern technology has made human interrelationships more complex and far-reaching than ever before.
● Dynamic Nature: Unlike traditional societies, contemporary society is in a constant state of flux and adaptation.
Additional Points:
● Option (b): Limited scope – Residential society refers specifically to a community based on living arrangements and does not define a global era.
● Option (c): Institutional focus – This refers only to the social structure within a school or college setting.
● Option (d): Specific geography – While Indian society exhibits these traits, the definition in the question is a universal sociological description of the modern age.

So the correct answer is (a)