A breathing disorder resulting from lung immaturity and lack of alveolar surfactant is known as:

Correct option is C

Ans. (c) Sol. The correct answer is (c) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a common breathing disorder in premature infants due to insufficient production of surfactant in the lungs. Surfactant is a substance that helps keep the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) from collapsing by reducing surface tension. Without enough surfactant, the lungs are unable to fully expand, making breathing difficult and leading to respiratory failure.
Explanation of each option:
· (a) Ischemic hypoxia: This is a condition where there is a lack of oxygen in tissues due to poor blood supply (ischemia), but it is not related to surfactant deficiency in the lungs.
· (b) Transient tachypnea of the newborn: This condition is a temporary, mild respiratory issue seen in newborns, often due to delayed clearance of lung fluid after birth. It is not related to the lack of alveolar surfactant like in RDS.
· (c) Respiratory distress syndrome: This is the correct answer. RDS occurs primarily in premature infants and is caused by insufficient surfactant production, leading to lung immaturity and difficulty breathing.
· (d) Cyanosis: Cyanosis refers to the bluish color of the skin due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood, but it is not a specific diagnosis like RDS.
Thus, the correct answer is Respiratory distress syndrome.