Correct option is A
Solution:
The ball moves in a vertical circle at constant speed.
Light is coming from top, so the shadow moves on the ground left and right, behaving exactly like a Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
In SHM:
Velocity is maximum at the mean position (center).
Velocity is zero at the extreme points (ends).
Key logic:
Where speed is less, the object (or shadow) spends more time.
Where speed is more, it passes quickly, so probability of finding it there is less.
Thus:
At extreme points: speed is minimum time spent is maximum maximum probability.
At mean point: speed is maximum time spent is minimum minimum probability.
Hence, the maximum probability of finding the shadow is at the extreme points.
Thus, the correct answer is (a) the extreme points.
Trick to Remember:
In any SHM or oscillation shadow problem:
Slow More time Higher probability.
Fast Less time Lower probability.
At extreme points, the shadow moves very slowly, so it is more likely to be found there!
Information Booster:
This concept is same as "probability density in SHM" — maximum at extreme, minimum at center.
Even though the ball's speed is constant, the horizontal component (shadow) behaves like SHM because of projection.
