Top 30 Geography MCQs for TNPSC,TN TRB,TNUSRB Exams

பல்வேறு போட்டித் தேர்வுகளில் புவியியல் முக்கியப் பங்காற்றுகிறது, விண்ணப்பதாரர்களுக்கு அவர்களின் தயாரிப்பில் உதவ, நாங்கள் 30 கேள்விகளை (MCQs) தொகுத்துள்ளோம். உங்கள் புவியியல் அறிவை மேம்படுத்துவதற்கும், வரவிருக்கும் தேர்வுகளுக்கு உங்களை சிறப்பாக தயார்படுத்துவதற்கும் ஒவ்வொரு கேள்விக்கும் சரியான பதில் உள்ளது.

Top 30 Geography MCQs

Q1. Which article of the Constitution was amended to establish the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) as a separate commission?

(a) Article 338

(b) Article 340

(d) Article 336

Q2. How many seats are reserved in Lok Sabha for Scheduled Tribes?

(a) 27 seats

(b) 35 seats

(d) 50 seats

Q3. Which state in India has the largest number of Scheduled Tribes?

(a) Maharashtra

(b) Madhya Pradesh

(d) Rajasthan

Q4. Which states or Union Territories do not have any Scheduled Tribes?

(a) Punjab

(b) Delhi

(d) All of the above

Q5. Which tribal group constitutes the largest tribe in India, accounting for 38% of the country’s total scheduled tribal population?

(a) Bhil

(b) Gond

(d) Munda

Q6. Which tribal group celebrates the festivals Keslapur Jathra and Madai?

(a) Bhil

(b) Gond

(d) Munda

Q7. Which tribal group primarily speaks the Mundari language?

(a) Bhil

(b) Gond

(d) Munda

Q8. Which tribal group primarily follows the Sarna religion?

(a) Bhil

(b) Gond

(d) Munda

Q9. Which district in West Bengal is home to the Toto tribe?

(a) Alipurduar

(b) Darjeeling

(d) Purulia

Q10. Which tribal group celebrates the Baishagu festival dedicated to Lord Shiva?

(a) Bhil

(b) Gond

(d) Bodo

Q11. The Grand Trunk (GT) road, originally built by Sher Shah Suri, connected which two cities during the British period?

(a) Amritsar and Kolkata

(b) Calcutta and Peshawar

(d) Delhi and Kolkata

Q12. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was established in which year?

(a) 1985

(b) 1995

(d) 2015

Q13. What is the Golden Quadrilateral?

(a) A project to construct high-speed railways connecting major cities in India

(b) A network of four-lane highways connecting Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata

(d) A plan to improve waterways for transportation between major ports

Q14. Which is the world’s longest highway tunnel?

(a) Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel

(b) Zojila Tunnel

(d) Atal Tunnel

Q15. Setubharatam Pariyojana is a project primarily focused on the construction of –

(a) High-speed railways across the country

(b) National waterways connecting major rivers

(d) Coastal highways for better connectivity

Q16. How many zones is the Indian railway system divided into?

(a) 8 zones

(b) 12 zones

(d) 20 zones

Q17. What is Vallamkali?

(a) A traditional dance form in Kerala

(b) A famous boat race in Kerala

(d) A popular tourist attraction in Kerala

Q18. When did the first air transport operation take place in India?

(a) 1911

(b) 1947

(d) 1961

Q19. What is Pawan Hans?

(a) An airline company in India

(b) A shipping company in India

(d) A railway company in India

Q20. What is the current name of the radio broadcasting system in India?

(a) Radio Club of Bombay

(b) Indian Broadcasting System

(d) Akashwani

Q21. Through which of the following Continents do the imaginary lines of the Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn & Equator pass

(a) Australia

(b) Africa

(d) Asia

Q22. Which one of the following is the longest river in the world –

(a) Yangtze-Kiang

(b) Amazon

(d) Mississipi-Missouri

Q23. The wide treeless grassy plains in South America are called

(a) Selvas

(b) Pampas

(d) Steppes

Q24. Which of the following rivers is the longest-flowing river of Europe

(a) Rhone

(b) Rhine

(d) Volga

Q25. The strait which separates Asia from North America

(a) Bering strait

(b) Palk strait

(d) Strait of Malacca

Q26. Which of the following cities is called ‘Queen of the Adriatic’ –

(a) Rome

(b) Venice

(d) Lisbon

Q27. Which among the following has the world’s largest reserves of Uranium

(a) Canada

(b) Australia

(d) USA

Q28. Which of the following strait separates Australia & Tasmania

(a) Bab-el-Mandeb

(b) Bass

(d) Bering

Q29. Name the 1st Asian country to Orbit Mars

(a) Pakistan

(b) Japan

(d) India

Q30. Barren Island, the only active volcano in India is located in

(a) Nicobar Islands

(b) Andaman Islands

(d) Minicoy

SOLUTIONS

S1. Ans.(a)

Sol. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was established as a separate commission by amending Article 338 of the Constitution.

The amendment was made through the Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003. This amendment replaced the erstwhile National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with two separate commissions, namely the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) and the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST).

S2. Ans.(c)

Sol. As per the Constitution of India and the provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 47 seats are specifically reserved for representatives from Scheduled Tribes.

This reservation ensures adequate representation and participation of Scheduled Tribes in the democratic process and decision-making at the national level.
The allocation of these seats is determined based on the proportion of Scheduled Tribe population in each state to the total population of the state.

S3. Ans.(b)

Sol. Madhya Pradesh has the largest number of Scheduled Tribes.

It is home to various tribes, including Gonds, Bhils, Baigas, and Sahariyas, among others.
The state takes measures to safeguard and promote the welfare of Scheduled Tribes and their unique cultural heritage.

S4. Ans.(d)

Sol. None of the states or Union Territories mentioned namely Punjab, Delhi, and Chandigarh, have any Scheduled Tribes.

Haryana & Puducherry also do not have any Scheduled tribes Population as per 2011 Census Data.

Scheduled Tribes are specific indigenous communities recognized and protected under the Constitution of India. While these regions have other communities and populations, they do not have any Scheduled Tribes.

S5. Ans.(a)

Sol. The Bhil are an indigenous people of India who live in the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra. They are the largest tribe in India, accounting for 38% of the country’s total scheduled tribal population.

Tribal Group	Population (2011 Census)	Percentage of Total Scheduled Tribe Population	States Where They Live
Bhil	10,429,697	38.02%	Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra
Gond	9,183,222	31.24%	Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Odisha
Santhal	4,220,739	14.91%	Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha
Munda	3,206,424	10.63%	Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Chhattisgarh

S6. Ans.(b)

Sol. The festivals Keslapur Jathra and Madai are celebrated by the Gond tribal group.

The Gonds are known for their valor and are the second-biggest tribe in India.
They reside in the Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh and in parts of Maharashtra, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh.
Keslapur Jathra is a 10-day tribal festival held in Keslapur village,Telangana. It is the second biggest tribal carnival and is celebrated by the Mesaram clan of Gond tribes.
Madai is a festival celebrated by the Gonds of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. It is a harvest festival that marks the beginning of the new year.

S7. Ans.(d)

Sol. The Munda tribal group primarily speaks the Mundari language. Munda people in Tripura are also known as Mura.

The Mundari language is spoken by over 2 million people in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. It is a member of the Austroasiatic language family, which also includes languages such as Vietnamese, Khmer, and Thai.

The Mundas are found in Jharkhand and parts of Chattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal.
While they were hunters in the past, they have now transitioned to working as laborers in farms.

S8. Ans.(d)

Sol. Munda tribal group celebrates the festivals Mage, Karam, Sarhaul, and Phagu. The Mundas are found in Jharkhand and parts of Chattisgarh, Bihar, Odisha, and West Bengal. They lead a simple life and speak the Mundari language.

The Munda tribe follows the Sarna religion and their main entertainment is the Nupur dance.
Sarnaism or Sarna Dharma is an indigenous religion of the Munda peoples of India. It is a nature-worshipping religion that believes in the sanctity of the natural world. Sarnaism is also known as the “religion of the holy woods” because of its emphasis on the importance of trees and forests.
The supreme deity in Sarnaism is Sing Bonga, the sun god. Other important deities include Marang Buru, the god of the forest, and Jaher Era, the goddess of the earth.

S9. Ans.(a)

Sol. Totapara village, where the Toto tribe resides, is located in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal. The Toto tribe, known for their language influenced by Nepali and Bengali, maintain a simple life by engaging in vegetable and fruit trading. While they proclaim to be Hindus, they also believe in their own deities, God Ishpa, and Goddess Cheima.

The Toto are a small, isolated tribal group residing only in a small enclave called Totopara in the Alipurduar district of West Bengal.

S10. Ans.(d)

Sol. Bodo tribal group celebrates the Baishagu festival in spring, which is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

The Bodos are found in Assam and parts of West Bengal and Nagaland.
They are believed to be the early indigenous settlers of Assam and speak the Bodo language, which belongs to the Tibetan-Burmese language family.
The weaving of handloom products holds significant cultural importance in their traditions.

Note – The Bodo are an ethnic group indigenous to the Indian state of Assam. They are the largest tribal group in Assam, and their population is estimated to be around 3 million. The Bodo are a Tibeto-Burman people, and their language, Bodo, is a member of the Bodo-Koch group of languages.

S11. Ans.(b)

Sol. The Grand Trunk Road was built by Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century and connects the cities of Calcutta (now Kolkata) in India and Peshawar in Pakistan. It is one of Asia’s oldest and longest major roads and has been in use for at least 2,500 years.

Sher Shah Suri built the Shahi (Royal) road to strengthen and consolidate his empire from the Indus Valley to the Sonar Valley in Bengal. This road was renamed the Grand Trunk (GT) road during the British period, connecting Calcutta and Peshawar.

At present, it extends from Amritsar to Kolkata. It is bifurcated into 2 segments: (a) National Highway (NH)-1(Now, NH -44) from Delhi to Amritsar, and (b) NH- 2 (Now, NH -19) from Delhi to Kolkata. Therefore, at present – The Indian sections of the Grand Trunk Road coincide with NH 19 and NH 44 of the National Highways in India and it connects – the cities of Amritsar in the north to Kolkata in the south. The road passes through several major cities in India, including Delhi, Agra, and Varanasi.

S12. Ans.(b)

Sol. The National Highways Authority of India or NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995, under the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988.

It is responsible for the management of a network of over 50,000 km of National Highways out of 1,32,499 km in India.

It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

Santosh Kumar Yadav is currently the chairperson of NHAI since December 2022.

Note – In June 2022, the NHAI created a Guinness World record by building 75 km of highway between Amravati and Akola in Maharashtra in a span of just 5 days

S13. Ans.(b)

Sol. A network of four-lane highways connecting Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata.

The Golden Quadrilateral is a national highway network that connects several major industrial, agricultural, and cultural centers of India.

It forms a quadrilateral with all four major metro cities of India forming the vertices, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west), and Chennai (south).

Golden Quadrilateral is a major project undertaken by NHAI that involves the construction of a 5,846-km long network of four/six-lane highways to connect India’s four major metro cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.

S14. Ans.(d)

Sol. Atal Tunnel is the world’s longest highway tunnel that connects Manali to Lahaul-Spiti valley.

The tunnel, measuring 9.02 kilometers in length, has been built by the Border Road Organisation (BRO) in the Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas.
It enables round-the-year connectivity to the Lahaul-Spiti valley, which was previously cut off for about six months each year due to heavy snowfall.
The tunnel is constructed with modern specifications and is located at an altitude of 3000 meters from the Mean Sea Level (MSL).
Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee tunnel is longest road tunnel not highway tunnel.
Chenani-Nashri is the old name of Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Tunnel.

S15. Ans.(c)

Sol. Setubharatam Pariyojana is a project aimed at the construction of about 1500 major bridges and 200 rail over bridges/rail under bridges.

It comes under Bharat Mala Project
Bharatmala is a proposed umbrella scheme that encompasses the development of state roads along coastal border areas, including connectivity of non-major ports, backward areas religious and tourist places, Setubharatam Pariyojana for the construction of major bridges and rail over bridges/rail under bridges, and District Headquarters connectivity scheme for the development of newly declared National Highways.

S16. Ans.(c)

Sol. The Indian railway system has been divided into 18 zones, each headed by a General Manager. The zones are further divided into divisions, each headed by a Divisional Railway Manager. The divisions are further divided into sections, each headed by a Sectional Railway Manager. This division of zones allows for better management and administration of the extensive railway network in India.

The South Coast Railway zone is the 18th railway zone of the Indian railway which was introduced in the year 2019.

Indian Railways began its journey in 1853 with the first train journey from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Thane, covering a distance of 34 kilometers.
The Railway Board is the apex body of the Indian railway system. It is headed by the Railway Board Chairman, who is a member of the Union Cabinet.
Kolkata is the city with most Zonal Headquarters of Indian Railways having the headquarters of Eastern Zone, South Eastern zone and Metro Railway, Kolkata.

S17. Ans.(b)

Sol. Vallamkali, also known as the Nehru Trophy Boat Race, is a renowned boat race held in the backwaters of Kerala, India.

It is a major attraction for both locals and tourists and involves teams of rowers competing in long snake boats known as “vallams.”
The race takes place annually during the Onam festival season and attracts a large number of spectators from around the world.

S18. Ans.(a)

Sol. The first air transport operation in India took place in 1911 when airmail services were initiated over a distance of 10 km between Allahabad and Naini.

The significant development of air transport occurred in the post-independent period when Tata Airlines (the first air company) was established in 1932. It started as a mail carrier service and later expanded to include passenger services. In 1946, it was renamed Air India.
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is a statutory body under the ownership of the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India. It is responsible for creating, upgrading, maintaining, and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India.
AAI currently manages a total of 137 airports, including 34 international airports, 10 Customs Airports, 81 domestic airports, and 23 Civil enclaves at Defence airfields.

S19. Ans.(c)

Sol. Pawan Hans is a helicopter services company in India.

It was established on October 15, 1985, as a Government of India enterprise under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
Pawan Hans provides helicopter services for various purposes such as transportation, aerial survey, offshore operations, and tourism.

S20. Ans.(d)

Sol. The radio broadcasting system in India is Akashwani.

It was initially known as the Indian Broadcasting System.
It was later renamed All India Radio in 1936 and further changed to Akashwani in 1956.
It was established in 1936. All India Radio is the largest radio network in the world, and one of the largest broadcasting organizations in the world in terms of the number of languages broadcast and the spectrum of socio-economic and cultural diversity it serves.

S21. Ans.(b)

Sol. Africa is the only continent through which all the main latitude lines- the Equator, Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn, Passes. The Prime Meridian (a line of longitude) also passes through Africa.

In addition to the latitude lines, the Prime Meridian, which is a line of longitude, also passes through Africa.
Only the Tropic of Capricorn passes through Australia.
Tropic of Cancer and the Equator both pass through Asia.

S22. Ans.(c)

Sol. The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, generally regarded as the longest river in the world.

It flows through northeastern Africa, starting from Lake Victoria in Uganda and flowing northward through Sudan and Egypt, eventually emptying into the Mediterranean Sea.
The length of the Nile is approximately 6,650 kilometers (4,130 miles).
The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest river in the world.
The Amazon River in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world

S23. Ans.(b)

Sol. The wide treeless grassy plains in South America are called Pampas.

The Pampas are fertile South American lowlands, covering more than 750,000 km2 (289,577 sq mi), that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba, most of Uruguay, and the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul.
Selvas is the dense tropical rainforest found in the Amazon basin and other parts of South America.
Prairies are the large, flat grasslands found in North America.
Steppes is the vast grassland plains found in Eurasia, particularly in Central Asia, characterized by a semi-arid climate and sparse vegetation.

S24. Ans.(d)

Sol. The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, & watershed. It flows through the western part of Russia, & is widely viewed as the national river of Russia.

Danube is the second-longest river in Europe, flowing through several countries including Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Romania

S25. Ans.(a)

Sol. The Bering Strait separates North America from Asia, or Russia. It is at the edge of the Bering Sea. It is situated to the south of the Arctic Circle.

Palk Strait is a strait between India and Sri Lanka, connecting the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay in the southwest.
Strait of Gibraltar runs between the southern coast of Spain and the northern coast of Morocco, connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Malacca runs between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, connecting the Andaman Sea to the South China Sea.

S26. Ans.(b)

Sol. Venice in Italy is known as “Queen of the Adriatic,” as its location on the Adriatic coast. Her vast trade network linked Europe to Byzantium, the Muslim world, & even the distant Asian civilizations explored by Marco Polo. As of its location, it dominated the Eastern Mediterranean starting in the twelfth century. It is also known as “City of Water,” “City of Masks,” “City of Bridges,” “The Floating City,” & “City of Canals.”

Rome – City of Seven Hills
Lisbon – City of Lights

S27. Ans.(b)

Sol. Australia has the world’s largest uranium reserves. Approximately 24% of the World’s Uranium is present in Australia.

USA – rich in Oil, Coal, and Gas reserves.

S28. Ans.(b)

Sol. Bass Strait is a sea strait separates Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria. width is 240 km, its depth is 50–70 m. Its max.

Strait	Separates
Bab-el-Mandeb	Red Sea and Gulf of Aden
Bass	Mainland Australia and Tasmania
Palk	India and Sri Lanka
Bering	Asia (Russia) and North America (Alaska)

S29. Ans.(d)

Sol. India became the first Asian country to orbit Mars on September 24, 2014. The spacecraft, called Mangalyaan, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was India’s first interplanetary mission, and it made ISRO the fourth space agency to achieve Mars orbit, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency.

It made India the first Asian nation to reach the Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.

Note – On 2 October 2022, it was reported that the orbiter had irrecoverably lost communications with Earth after entering a seven-hour eclipse period in April 2022 that it was not designed to survive. The following day, ISRO released a statement that all attempts to revive Mangalyaan had failed and officially declared it dead, citing the loss of fuel and battery power to the probe’s instruments.

S30. Ans.(b)

Sol. Barren Island is the only confirmed active volcano in South Asia on an island situated in the Andaman Sea.

It is one of the most easterly of Andaman Islands.
Along with the rest of the Andaman Islands, it is a part of the Indian Union Territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

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