Top 30 Geography MCQs for TNPSC,TN TRB,TNUSRB Exams

பல்வேறு போட்டித் தேர்வுகளில் புவியியல் முக்கியப் பங்காற்றுகிறது, விண்ணப்பதாரர்களுக்கு அவர்களின் தயாரிப்பில் உதவ, நாங்கள் 30 கேள்விகளை (MCQs) தொகுத்துள்ளோம். உங்கள் புவியியல் அறிவை மேம்படுத்துவதற்கும், வரவிருக்கும் தேர்வுகளுக்கு உங்களை சிறப்பாக தயார்படுத்துவதற்கும் ஒவ்வொரு கேள்விக்கும் சரியான பதில் உள்ளது.

Q1. Match the following:

Earth’s Layers -Description:

(a) Crust -i) Outermost layer of the Earth

(b) Core -ii) Middle layer between the crust and core

A B C

i ii iii
i iii ii
iii ii i
ii i iii

Q2. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) Earth is called a blue planet because 71% of its surface is covered by water.

(b) The Earth’s atmosphere is mostly made up of nitrogen and oxygen.

Q3. Consider the following statements and answer according to the options given below

Assertion (a) : The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates.

Reason (R): Each plate, oceanic or continental, moves independently over the asthenosphere.

(a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

(b) Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

(d) The assertion is false, but the reason is true.

Q4. Which scale is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

(a) Richter scale

(b) Celsius scale

(d) Fahrenheit scale

Q5. Which of the following statement/s is/are about the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami is incorrect?

(a) The tsunami affected coastal areas of Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, etc.

(b) The tsunami caused immense damage to life and property in the coastal area.

(d) The tsunami only affected coastal areas of Indiana.

Q6. What are the names given to the boundaries where earthquakes usually happen at the edges of Earth’s plates?

(a) Seismic boundaries

(b) Tectonic boundaries

(d) Plate boundaries

Q7. Match the following:

(a) Mid-Atlantic Belt – 1. Volcanoes mainly of fissure eruption type.

(b) Divergent boundary – 2. Represents the divergent boundary of plates located along the mid-Atlantic ridges

(d) Iceland – 4. Volcanic areas

E) St. Helena and Azores Island

Options:

(a) 1-D, 2-E, 3-B, 4-C

(b) 1-E, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A

(d) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E

Q8.What type of weathering is generally the most dominant in the Greater Himalayas among the following options?

(a) Block disintegration

(b) Chemical weathering

(d) Biological weathering

Q9. Which of the following is true regarding the world’s highest waterfalls?

(a) Angel Falls of Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world.

(b) Victoria Falls is located on the border between Canada and the USA.

(d) All of the above.

Q10. What is formed when a meander loop cuts off from the river due to continuous erosion and deposition?

(a) V-shaped valley

(b) Waterfall

(d) Delta

Q11. Which continent is the largest?

(a) Asia

(b) Africa

(d) South America

Q12. How would you describe the topography of plains?

(a) Hilly

(b) Mountainous

(d) Volcanic

Q13. Which two ancient civilizations developed in river plains?

(a) Mesopotamian and Egyptian

(b) Indus and Egyptian

(d) Nile and Indus

Q14. Which plain in North India is mentioned as one of the largest plains in the world?

(a) Indo-Gangetic plain

(b) Deccan Plateau

(d) Chotanagpur Plateau

Q15. What is erosion?

(a) The process of deposition of surface material

(b) The process of material being transported

(d) The process of material settling on high areas

Q16. What is the depth of water in the Mariana Trench after placing Mount Everest (8,848 meters) into it?

(a) 8,848 meters

(b) 2,146 meters

(d) 10,994 meters

Q17.Which of the following is not considered a constituent of the solar system?

(a) Planets

(b) Asteroids

(d) Satellites

Q18. How many main oceans are there in the world?

(a) Three

(b) Four

(d) Six

Q19. What is the term used for the flat-topped part of a plateau?

(a) Hill

(b) Mountain

(d) Valley

Q20. What is the origin of the Deccan Plateau in peninsular India?

(a) Sedimentary deposits

(b) Glacial action

(d) Volcanic activity

Q21.Which of the following planets is Gannymeda the largest satellite of?

(a) Jupiter

(b) Mars

(d) Mercury

Q22. Which land classification of the Sangam period is associated with agricultural land?

(a) Kurinji

(b) Mullai

(d) Neithal

Q23.What is Big Bear an example of?

(a) Milky Way

(b) Constellation

(d) Galaxy

Q24. Who named the ocean “Pacific”?

(a) Christopher Columbus

(b) Ferdinand Magellan

(d) James Cook

Q25. Which two bodies of water does the Palk Strait connect?

(a) Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea

(b) Arabian Sea and Palk Bay

(d) Indian Ocean and Palk Bay

Q26. What does the 9° Channel separate?

(a) Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman Islands

(b) Lakshadweep Islands and Maldives

(d) Lakshadweep Islands and Sri Lanka

Q27. How is a strait defined?

(a) A narrow stretch of land connecting two large landmasses

(b) A narrow stretch of water linking two large water bodies

(d) A high peak or summit of a mountain

Q28. Which continent is referred to as the frozen continent?

(a) North America

(b) Australia

(d) Asia

Q29. What is the name of the ancient sea that surrounded the supercontinent?

(a) Pangea

(b) Panthalasa

(d) Oceans

Q30. Which plateau in India is known for its mineral-rich nature?

(a) Deccan Plateau

(b) Tibetan Plateau

(d) None of the above

Solution

S1. Ans. (b)

Sol.

Earth’s Layers -Description:

A) Crust -i) Outermost layer of the Earth
B) Core -iii) Innermost layer of the Earth
C) Mantle -ii) Middle layer between the crust and core

The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, and it is made up of solid rock. The mantle is the middle layer of the Earth, and it is made up of hot, solid rock. The core is the innermost layer of the Earth, and it is made up of molten iron and nickel.

S2. Ans. (a). Earth is called a blue planet because 71% of its surface is covered by water.

Sol.

The Earth is called a blue planet because of the way sunlight interacts with its atmosphere and oceans. The atmosphere scatters blue light more than other colors, so when we look at the Earth from space, it appears blue. However, only about 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.

S3. Ans. (a) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.

Sol.

Assertion (A): The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates.

The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of the Earth. It is broken into a number of plates that move independently over the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is the layer of the mantle below the lithosphere that is hot and ductile. This allows the lithospheric plates to move over the asthenosphere.

Reason (R): Each plate, oceanic or continental, moves independently over the asthenosphere.

This is true. Each plate, oceanic or continental, moves independently over the asthenosphere. The plates move at different speeds, and they can collide, slide past each other, or diverge. These movements of the plates are responsible for many of the features on the Earth’s surface, such as mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes.

S4. Ans. (a) Richter scale.

Sol.

The magnitude of an earthquake is measured by the Richter scale.
The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale developed by Charles F. Richter in 1935. It measures the amplitude of seismic waves produced by an earthquake.
The numbers on the Richter scale range from 0 to 9, with each whole number increase representing a tenfold increase in amplitude and approximately 31.6 times more energy released.

S5. Ans. (b) Only 4 is wrong

Sol.

The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected coastal areas of Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and many other countries in the Indian Ocean region. It caused immense damage to life and property, and is considered to be one of the deadliest natural disasters in history.
The tsunami was caused by a massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The earthquake triggered a series of powerful waves that traveled across the Indian Ocean at speeds of up to 800 kilometers per hour.
The waves reached heights of up to 30 meters in some areas, and caused widespread devastation. The tsunami is estimated to have killed over 230,000 people and displaced millions more. It is also estimated to have caused billions of dollars in damage.

S6. Ans. (c) The pressure at a depth of about 15 km is about 5 tonnes per cm2 of rock.

Sol.

Earthquakes occur due to the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates, which are fragmented pieces of the outermost layer of the Earth’s crust. The boundaries where these plates interact are known as fault zones or seismic zones. These zones are considered weak areas where earthquakes are more likely to occur.

Major cause of earthquakes:

Earthquakes are primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates. When plates collide, slide past each other, or when one plate goes under another (subduction), it creates a disturbance in the Earth’s crust, resulting in an earthquake.

S7. Ans. (d) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-E

Sol.

The Mid-Atlantic Belt represents the divergent boundary of plates located along the mid-Atlantic ridges.
Volcanoes of this area are mainly of fissure eruption type.
Iceland is the most active volcanic area and is located on the mid-Atlantic ridge.
St. Helena and Azores Island are other examples of volcanic areas.

S8. Ans. (a) Block disintegration

Sol.

Block disintegration is generally dominant in Greater Himalayas as a process of weathering

S9. Ans. (a) Angel Falls of Venezuela is the highest waterfall in the world.

Sol.

Angel Falls of Venezuela is indeed the highest waterfall in the world. It is located in South America and holds the record for the highest uninterrupted waterfall with a height of approximately 979 meters (3,212 feet).
Option( b) is incorrect because Victoria Falls is located on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa, not on the border between Canada and the USA.
Option (c) is also incorrect because Niagara Falls is located on the border between Canada and the USA in North America, not on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe.

S10. Ans. (c) Ox-bow lake.

Sol.

Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loops come closer.
In due course of time, the meander loop cuts off from the river.
This process results in the formation of a cut-off lake, which is also known as an Ox-bow lake.

S11. Ans. (a) Asia.

Sol.

The classification of continents and oceans as first order landforms. The seven continents as Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In this, Asia is the largest continent, while Australia is the smallest.

S12. Ans. (c) Flat and relatively low-lying.

Sol.

Plains do not have significant elevation variations like hills or mountains.

Plains are flat and relatively low-lying. They are characterized by gently rolling hills and a lack of significant elevation changes. Plains are often found near rivers or oceans, and they are often used for agriculture or grazing.

Here is a table that summarizes the topography of plains:

Feature	Description
Elevation	Plains are typically low-lying, with an average elevation of less than 1,000 feet above sea level.
Relief	Plains have a low relief, with gentle slopes and few hills.
Drainage	Plains are often drained by rivers or streams.
Vegetation	Plains are often covered in grasses, but they can also be found in forests or deserts.
Soil	Plains typically have fertile soils that are good for agriculture.

The other options are incorrect. Hilly areas are characterized by steep slopes and a significant elevation change. Mountainous areas are characterized by high peaks and a very rugged terrain. Volcanic areas are characterized by the presence of volcanoes, which are typically found in mountainous regions.

S13.Ans. (c) Mesopotamian and Indus.

Sol.

Mesopotamia refers to the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, while the Indus civilization was centered around the Indus River in the Indian subcontinent.

Mesopotamian civilization developed in the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Egyptian civilization developed in the river valley of the Nile River.

Both civilizations were able to flourish because of the fertile soil and abundant water provided by the rivers. The rivers also provided a means of transportation and trade, which helped to connect these civilizations with other parts of the world.

S14.Ans. (a) Indo-Gangetic plain.

Sol.

This plain is formed by the fertile alluvial soil deposited by the Indus and Ganges-Brahmaputra rivers. Indo-Gangetic plain is one of the largest plains in the world.
It is located in northern India and covers an area of approximately 700,000 square kilometers. The plain is formed by the confluence of the Indus and Ganges rivers, and it is home to a large population of people and a variety of wildlife.

Here are some other details about the Indo-Gangetic plain:

It is a fertile plain, which is good for agriculture.
It is a major transportation hub, with many roads, railways, and airports.
It is a popular tourist destination, with many historical and natural attractions.

The other options are incorrect:

Deccan Plateau is a plateau located in the southern part of India.
Tibetan Plateau is a high plateau located in the northern part of India and China.
Chotanagpur Plateau is a plateau located in the eastern part of India.

S15. Ans. (c) The process of surface material being removed.

Sol.

Erosion is the process of removing surface material from the Earth’s crust. This can involve the wearing away of rocks, soil, or other materials through natural forces like wind, water, or ice.

S16. Ans. (c) 6,702 meters.

Sol.

There would be 2,146 meters of water left in the Mariana Trench after placing Mount Everest (8,848 meters) into it. Mount Everest, with a height of 8,848 meters, was placed into the Mariana Trench; there would be 2,146 meters of water left. This implies that the depth of water in the Mariana Trench, after the placement, would be 6,702 meters.

S17. Ans. (d) Satellites.

Sol.

Satellites, such as human-made artificial satellites or natural satellites like the Moon, are objects that orbit around planets or other celestial bodies within the solar system.

S18. Ans. (c) Five.

Sol.

There are five main oceans in the world:

Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Southern Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world, covering about one-third of the Earth’s surface. The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean, and the Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean. The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean, and the Southern Ocean is the newest ocean, officially recognized in 2000.

S19. Ans. (c) Tableland.

Sol.

A plateau is a broad area of highland that is elevated sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. It is typically larger than a hill and smaller than a mountain range.
A tableland is a type of plateau that has a flat top.
Tablelands are often formed by erosion, which wears away the sides of a plateau, leaving a flat top.

Here are some examples of tablelands:

The Colorado Plateau in the southwestern United States
The Deccan Plateau in India
The Tibetan Plateau in Asia

The other options are incorrect:

A hill is a smaller landform than a plateau.
A mountain is a landform that is much higher than a plateau.
A valley is a low-lying area between hills or mountains.

S20. Ans. (d) Volcanic activity.

Sol. The Deccan Plateau in peninsular India is of volcanic origin. Plateaus can have varying elevations, with the Tibetan Plateau being the highest in the world.

S21. Ans. (a) Jupiter.

Sol.

Ganymede is the largest satellite (moon) in our solar system, and it orbits around the planet Jupiter. Ganymede is even larger than the planet Mercury, making it the largest moon in the solar system.

S22. Ans. (c) Marutham.

Sol.

Marutham is associated with agricultural land and its adjoining areas during the Sangam period.
Kurinji is associated with mountainous regions, Mullai is associated with forests and their surroundings, Marutham is associated with agricultural land and its adjoining areas, Neithal is associated with the sea and its environs, and Palai is associated with the desert region. These classifications provide insights into the different types of lands and their significance in the context of the Sangam period.

S23. Ans. (b) Constellation.

Sol.

Big Bear, also known as Ursa Major, is a constellation in the night sky. Constellations are groups of stars that appear to form recognizable patterns or shapes when viewed from Earth

S24. Ans. (b) Ferdinand Magellan.

Sol.

The Spanish navigator Ferdinand Magellan named the ocean “Pacific”, giving it the meaning of calm or tranquil. This naming choice reflects Magellan’s perception of the ocean’s peaceful nature during his voyage.

S25. Ans. (c) Bay of Bengal and Palk Bay.

Sol.

The Palk Strait serves as a connection between the Bay of Bengal and Palk Bay. It is a narrow stretch of water that separates the southeastern coast of India from the northern coast of Sri Lanka.

S26. Ans. (c) Lakshadweep Islands and Minicoy Islands.

Sol.

The 9° Channel is a body of water that lies between the Lakshadweep Islands and the Maldives. It is approximately 200 km wide and is named after its position on the 9th degree of latitude north of the equator.
The 9° Channel is a relatively deep body of water, with a maximum depth of 2,597 meters. It is an important shipping lane, as it connects the Indian Ocean with the Arabian Sea.
The 9° Channel is also a popular tourist destination, as it is home to a variety of coral reefs and marine life.

The other options are incorrect:

The Andaman Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal, while the Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea.
The Minicoy Islands are part of the Lakshadweep Islands.
Lakshadweep Islands and Sri Lanka are separated by the Palk Strait.
The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of islands off the southwestern coast of India, while Minicoy Island is the southernmost island of the Lakshadweep archipelago.

S27. Ans. (b) A narrow stretch of water linking two large water bodies.

Sol.

A strait is defined as a narrow stretch of water that connects two large water bodies.

Here are some examples of straits:

The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
The Bering Strait connects the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
The Bosphorus Strait connects the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.
The Strait of Malacca connects the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea.
Straits are important for navigation and trade. They provide a way for ships to travel between different oceans and seas. Straits can also be important for military purposes. They can be used to control shipping and to project military power.
Straits can also be important for the environment. They can help to regulate the flow of water between different ocean basins. This can help to maintain the balance of salinity and temperature in the oceans. Straits can also be important for the migration of marine life. They provide a way for fish and other marine animals to move between different habitats.

S28. Ans. (c) Antarctica.

Sol.

Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. It is covered in ice and snow, and has the coldest temperatures on Earth. The average temperature in Antarctica is -58 degrees Fahrenheit, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was -128 degrees Fahrenheit.
North America, Australia, and Asia are not as cold as Antarctica.
North America has a variety of climates, from tropical to arctic. Australia is mostly hot and dry, with some tropical areas. Asia has a wide range of climates, from hot and dry to cold and snowy.

S29. Ans. (b) Panthalasa.

Sol.

The ancient sea that surrounded the supercontinent Pangea was called Panthalassa.
Panthalassa was a vast ocean that covered most of the Earth’s surface during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. It was surrounded by the supercontinent Pangea, which eventually broke apart to form the modern continents.
Panthalassa was a home to a variety of marine life, including sharks, fish, and invertebrates. It was also an important source of water for the early land plants and animals.
The name Panthalasa comes from the Greek word “pan”, meaning “all”, and the word “thalassa”, meaning “sea”. It is thought that the name was given to the ocean because it surrounded all of the landmasses on Earth at the time.
Panthalassa eventually disappeared as the continents continued to drift apart. The Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean are both remnants of Panthalasa.

S30. Ans. (c) Chotanagpur Plateau.

Sol.

The Chotanagpur Plateau in India is one of the mineral-rich plateaus, leading to mining being one of the major activities of the people living there. It is located in the eastern part of India and is home to a variety of minerals, including coal, iron ore, copper, and bauxite. The plateau is also home to a number of industries, including mining, steel, and manufacturing.

The other options are incorrect:

Deccan Plateau is a plateau located in the southern part of India. It is not as mineral-rich as the Chotanagpur Plateau.
Tibetan Plateau is a high plateau located in the northern part of India and China. It is not as mineral-rich as the Chotanagpur Plateau.
None of the above is not a plateau in India.

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