Top 30 Geography MCQs for TNPSC,TN TRB,TNUSRB Exams

பல்வேறு போட்டித் தேர்வுகளில் புவியியல் முக்கியப் பங்காற்றுகிறது, விண்ணப்பதாரர்களுக்கு அவர்களின் தயாரிப்பில் உதவ, நாங்கள் 30 கேள்விகளை (MCQs) தொகுத்துள்ளோம். உங்கள் புவியியல் அறிவை மேம்படுத்துவதற்கும், வரவிருக்கும் தேர்வுகளுக்கு உங்களை சிறப்பாக தயார்படுத்துவதற்கும் ஒவ்வொரு கேள்விக்கும் சரியான பதில் உள்ளது.

Q1. What is the angle between the Earth’s axis and the plane of its orbit around the Sun?

(a) 90°

(b) 45°

(d) 66½°

Q2. What causes the occurrence of day and night on Earth?

(a) Revolution around the Sun

(b) Earth’s spherical shape

(d) Moon’s gravitational pull

Q3. What is the line that divides the illuminated half and the dark half of the Earth called?

(a) Equator

(b) Horizon

(d) Meridian

Q4. Where does the Midnight Sun phenomenon occur?

(a) North of the Equator

(b) South of the Equator

(d) South of the Antarctic Circle

Q5. During which period is the Northern Hemisphere inclined towards the Sun?

(a) 21st March to 23rd September

(b) 23rd September to 21st March

(d) 21st June to 21st December

Q6. During which period is the Southern Hemisphere tilted away from the Sun?

(a) 21st March to 23rd September

(b) 23rd September to 21st March

(d) 21st June to 21st December

Q7. Which hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun from September 23rd to March 21st?

(a) Northern Hemisphere

(b) Southern Hemisphere

(d) Both hemispheres equally

Q8. What are the two days called when the day and night are equal throughout the Earth?

(a) Perihelion and Aphelion

(b) Equinoxes

(d) Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn

Q9. Which event marks the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest day in the Southern Hemisphere?

(a) Perihelion

(b) Aphelion

(d) Winter Solstice

Q10. On which date does the Tropic of Capricorn face the Sun?

(a) March 21st

(b) September 23rd

(d) December 22nd

Q11. What is the Earth’s closest position to the Sun called?

(a) Perihelion

(b) Aphelion

(d) Solstice

Q12. What are the three major components of the Earth?

(a) Atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere

(b) Biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere

(d) Lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

Q13. What does the term “lithosphere” refer to?

(a) The envelope of air surrounding the Earth

(b) The land and solid outer layer of the Earth

(d) The narrow belt of interaction among spheres

Q14. What does the term “biosphere” refer to?

(a) The solid outer layer of the Earth

(b) The envelope of air surrounding the Earth

(d) The water bodies such as oceans, rivers, and lakes

Q15. Which biosphere reserve covers an area of 10,500 sq. km in the Indian Ocean?

(a) Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve

(b) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

(d) Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

Q16. Consider the following statement:

Renewable resources can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally.
Non-renewable resources can be used indefinitely without depletion.

Which of the following is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

Q17. Consider the following statement:

Solar energy is a form of renewable resource.
Photovoltaic devices convert solar energy into heat energy.

Which of the following is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

Q18. Consider the following statement:

Water is an example of an abiotic resource.
Biotic resources include forests, crops, and animals.

Which of the following is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

Q19. Consider the following statement:

The Kamuthi solar power project is one of the largest solar power projects in the world.
The Kamuthi solar power project is located in Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu.

Which of the following is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(d) None of the above

Q20. Which of the following is true?

Assertion – A: Karnataka is the largest producer of gold in India.

Reason – R: Kolar Gold Field is one of the deepest mines in the world.

(a) ‘A’ is correct/ ‘R’ is wrong

(b) ‘R’ is correct/ ‘A’ is wrong

(d) ‘A’ and ‘R’ are correct

Q21. Which term is used to describe the supercontinent that existed approximately 200 million years ago?

(a) Pangea

(b) Panthalasa

(d) Oceans

Q22. What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?

(a) 71%

(b) 29%

(d) 50%

Q23. What are some of the features that contribute to the unevenness of the Earth’s surface?

(a) Forests and deserts

(b) Mountains and oceans

(d) Plains and plateaus

Q24. Which land classification of the Sangam period is associated with mountainous regions?

(a) Kurinji

(b) Mullai

(d) Neithal

Q25. How are continents and oceans classified in terms of landforms?

(a) First order landforms

(b) Second order landforms

(d) Secondary landforms

Q26. Natural resources can also be classified based on their ownership. Which of the following is the correct classification?

(a) Public and private

(b) Domestic and foreign

(d) Renewable and non-renewable

Q27. Which of the following best defines an isthmus?

(a) A large body of water

(b) A mountain range of separating two water bodies

(d) A desert region of separating two water bodies

Q28. What is the main characteristic of a mountain?

(a) Its isolation

(b) Its height above the surroundings

(d) Its large area of coverage

Q29. Which day is celebrated as International Mountain Day?

(a) December 11

(b) November 10

(d) September 22

Q30. Which river valley is mentioned as an example of an early civilization in Egypt?

(a) Tigris

(b) Euphrates

(d) Jordan

Solution

S1. Ans. (d) 66½

Sol.

The angle between the Earth’s axis and the plane of its orbit around the Sun is 66½°.
This tilt is responsible for the changing seasons on Earth and influences the amount and intensity of sunlight received by different regions throughout the year.

S2. Ans. (b) Earth’s spherical shape

Sol.

The Earth’s spherical shape is the primary factor that causes the occurrence of day and night. As the Earth rotates on its axis, only one half of the planet is illuminated by the Sun at a time, while the other half remains in darkness. The illuminated portion experiences day, while the darkened portion experiences night.

S3. Ans. (c) Terminator Line

Sol.

The line that divides the surface of the Earth into the lighted half and the dark half is called the Terminator Line. It represents the boundary between day and night as the Earth rotates. The position of the Terminator Line constantly changes as the Earth completes its rotation, leading to the transition between day and night across different regions of the planet.

S4. Ans. (c) North of the Arctic Circle)

Sol.

The Midnight Sun phenomenon occurs in places located north of the Arctic Circle during the summer months.
This means that areas within the Arctic Circle experience 24 hours of daylight, with the Sun remaining overhead throughout the day and night.

S5. Ans. (a) 21st March to 23rd September)

Sol.

During this period, the Northern Hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun, while the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. This inclination of the Earth’s axis is the primary factor responsible for the changing seasons experienced in different hemispheres throughout the year.

S6. Ans. (c) 21st December to 21st June

Sol.

During this period, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, while the Northern Hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun. This tilt of the Earth’s axis causes opposite seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

S7. Ans. (b) Southern Hemisphere

Sol.

From September 23rd to March 21st, the Southern Hemisphere is inclined towards the Sun, while the Northern Hemisphere faces away from the Sun. This inclination of the Earth’s axis results in summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere during this period.

S8. Ans. (b) Equinoxes

Sol.

The two days when the day and night are equal in duration throughout the Earth are called Equinoxes. These occur on March 21st and September 23rd. On these days, the Sun is directly over the equator, and the entire planet experiences roughly equal lengths of day and night.

S9. Ans. (c) Summer Solstice

Sol.

On June 21st, the Tropic of Cancer faces the Sun, marking the Summer Solstice. This day represents the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere and the shortest day (longest night) in the Southern Hemisphere. It is when the Sun is at its highest point in the sky for the Northern Hemisphere.

S10. Ans. (d) December 22nd

Sol.

On December 22nd, the Tropic of Capricorn faces the Sun, marking the Winter Solstice. This day represents the longest day in the Southern Hemisphere and the shortest day (longest night) in the Northern Hemisphere. It is when the Sun is at its lowest point in the sky for the Northern Hemisphere.

S11. Ans. (a) Perihelion

Sol.

Perihelion is the Earth’s closest position to the Sun in its orbit. During this time, the Earth is at its shortest distance from the Sun, resulting in slightly higher temperatures. It occurs around January 3rd each year. On the other hand, Aphelion refers to the Earth’s farthest position from the Sun in its orbit, occurring around July 4th each year.

S12. Ans. (d) Lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.)

Sol.

The Earth has three major components: the lithosphere (land), the hydrosphere (water bodies), and the biosphere (narrow belt of interaction where life exists). These components, along with the atmosphere, create suitable conditions for life on Earth.

S13. Ans. (b) The land and solid outer layer of the Earth)

Sol.

The term “lithosphere” refers to the solid outer layer of the Earth, which includes rocks and soil. It is the part of the Earth on which we live and forms the Earth’s crust and a portion of the upper mantle.

S14. Ans. (c) The narrow belt of interaction among spheres where life exists.

Sol.

The term “biosphere” refers to the narrow belt of interaction among the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, where life exists. It is derived from the Greek word “Bio,” meaning life. The biosphere encompasses various ecosystems with distinct climates, plant life, and animal life.

S15. Ans. (b) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

Sol.

The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve is located in the Indian Ocean and covers an area of 10,500 sq.km. It is recognized as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and is known for its rich marine biodiversity, coral reefs, and mangrove forests. The reserve is situated between India and Sri Lanka and serves as an important habitat for several endangered species.

S16. Ans. (a) 1 only

Sol.

The first statement is correct. Renewable resources are those that can be used repeatedly and replenished naturally, such as solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower. Non-renewable resources, on the other hand, are finite and cannot be replenished in a human-relevant timescale, like fossil fuels. Therefore, the second statement is incorrect.

S17. Ans. (a) 1 only

Sol.

The first statement is correct. Solar energy is indeed a form of renewable resource that harnesses the power of the sun. However, the second statement is incorrect. Photovoltaic devices, such as solar cells, directly convert solar energy into electricity, not heat energy.

S18. Ans. (c) Both 1 and 2

Sol.

Both statements are correct. The first statement states that water is an example of an abiotic resource, which is true according to the information provided in the source. The second statement correctly identifies forests, crops, and animals as examples of biotic resources. Therefore, the correct answer is (c) Both 1 and 2.

S19. Ans. (a) 1 only

Sol.

The Kamuthi solar power project, located in the Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India, is indeed one of the largest solar power projects in the world. It was completed on September 21, 2016. The project had a significant investment of approximately 4,550 Crores (Indian Rupees). The installed capacity of the Kamuthi solar power project is 648 MW, making it a substantial contributor to India’s renewable energy generation.

S20. Ans. Ans. (d) ‘A’ and ‘R’ are correct

Sol.

Both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are correct.
Karnataka is the largest producer of gold in India. Kolar Gold Field is one of the deepest mines of the world.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (d): ‘A’ and ‘R’ are correct.

S21. Ans. (a) Pangea

Sol.

Pangea was a supercontinent that existed approximately 200 million years ago. It was formed by the collision of several smaller continents, and it included all of the landmasses that are now found on Earth. Pangea began to break apart about 180 million years ago, and it eventually formed the continents that we know today.
Panthalasa was the superocean that surrounded Pangea. It was much larger than the Atlantic Ocean is today, and it covered most of the Earth’s surface. Panthalasa began to shrink as Pangea broke apart, and it eventually formed the oceans that we know today.
Continents and oceans are not terms that can be used to describe a supercontinent. A supercontinent is a single landmass, and it is surrounded by a single ocean.

S22. Ans. (a) 71%

Sol.

About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water. The oceans hold about 96.5% of all Earth’s water. Water also exists in the air as water vapor, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers.
The remaining 29% of the Earth’s surface is land. The continents and islands make up about 24% of the Earth’s surface, and the ocean floor makes up about 5% of the Earth’s surface.

S23. Ans. (b) Mountains and oceans.

Sol.

The surface of the Earth is not even due to the presence of lofty mountains, deep oceans, and other landforms.
Water covers 71% of the Earth’s surface, while land occupies 29%. This indicates the distribution of water and land on the planet. Additionally, the Earth’s surface is uneven because of various features such as lofty mountains, deep oceans, and other landforms. These features contribute to the diverse topography and geography of the Earth.

S24. Ans. (a) Kurinji

Sol.

The Sangam period was a period of great cultural and literary flourishing in South India. It lasted from about 300 BC to 300 AD. During this time, Tamil poets and scholars developed a five-fold classification of land, known as the Thinai system. The five Thinais are:

Kurinji – Mountainous regions
Mullai – Forests
Marutham – Cropland
Neithal – Seashore
Palai – Drylands
The Kurinji Thinai is associated with mountainous regions, and is characterized by its lush vegetation, cool temperatures, and abundance of flowers. The people who live in the Kurinji Thinai are typically shepherds and hunters.
The other four Thinais are associated with forests, cropland, seashore, and drylands, respectively. Each Thinai has its own unique set of characteristics, and the people who live in each Thinai have their own unique way of life.
The Thinai system is a valuable tool for understanding the cultural and environmental diversity of South India during the Sangam period. It also provides a glimpse into the lives of the people who lived in this region at that time.

S25. Ans. (a) First order landforms.

Sol.

Continents and oceans are classified as first order landforms. First order landforms are the largest and most basic landforms on Earth. They are formed by the movement of tectonic plates, which are large pieces of the Earth’s crust. The movement of tectonic plates causes the continents and oceans to move around, and it also causes the formation of mountains, valleys, and other landforms

S26. Ans. (a) Public and private

Sol.

Natural resources can be classified into public and private resources. Public resources are owned by the government, while private resources are owned by individuals or businesses.
Domestic resources are those that are located within a country, while foreign resources are those that are located outside of a country. Developed countries are those that have a high standard of living, while developing countries are those that are working to improve their standard of living.

S27. Ans. (c) A narrow strip of land connecting two landmasses or separating two water bodies. Sol. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses. It is bordered by water on both sides. Isthmuses are important for transportation and trade, as they provide a land route between two bodies of water.

Some examples of isthmuses include:

The Isthmus of Panama, which connects North and South America.
The Isthmus of Suez, which connects Africa and Asia.
The Isthmus of Kra, which connects Thailand and Malaysia.

The other options are incorrect. A large body of water is an ocean or sea. A mountain range is a series of high, rugged mountains. A desert region is an area of land that receives very little rainfall.

S28. Ans. (b) Its height above the surroundings.

Sol.

The main characteristic of a mountain is that it rises 600 meters above its surroundings, indicating its significant height difference.

The main characteristic of a mountain is its height above the surrounding land. Mountains are typically much higher than the surrounding land, and they often have a peak or summit. Mountains can be formed by a variety of processes, including tectonic plate movement, volcanic activity, and erosion.

Here are the possible answers and their corresponding explanations:

a) Its isolation. This is not always the case. There are many mountains that are located in close proximity to other mountains. For example, the Himalayas are a mountain range that consists of many individual mountains.
b) Its height above the surroundings. This is the main characteristic of a mountain. Mountains are typically much higher than the surrounding land. For example, Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, with a peak that is over 29,000 feet above sea level.
c) Its flat terrain. Mountains do not have flat terrain. They are typically very rugged and have steep slopes.
d) Its large area of coverage. Mountains do not necessarily have a large area of coverage. Some mountains, such as Mount Everest, are very small in terms of their area.

S29. Ans. (a) December 11.

Sol.

International Mountain Day is celebrated on December 11.
This day is recognized worldwide to raise awareness about the importance of mountains and promote sustainable mountain development.

S30. Ans. (c) Nile.

Sol.

Nile valley in Egypt is mentioned as an example of an early civilization.
Plains have been the cradle of civilizations from ancient times. It specifically mentions two examples: the Indus river valley in India and the Nile valley in Egypt. The Indus river valley is associated with an early civilization in India, while the Nile valley is recognized as an example of an early civilization in Egypt. These examples illustrate the significance of fertile plains in the development and flourishing of early civilizations.

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