TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes – Political Association Before Congress- 2

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Political Association Before Congress- 2

Political association in Bengal 

Political Association In Madras 

• Madras Native Association 
• Madras Mahajan Sabha 

Madras Native Association 

• Founded on  26 February 1852

• Founded by Gajula Lakshminarasu, a prominent businessman in Madras city.

• Contribution 

• To promote the interests of its members and their focus was on reduction in taxation. 
• Protested against the support of the government to Christian missionary activities.
• Agitation against torture of the peasants by revenue officials.
• Establishment of the Torture Commission and abolition of the Torture Act, which justified the collection of land revenue through torture.

December 1852 First petition demands –  

First Petition 

• Revival of the ancient village system to free the peasantry from the oppressive interference of the zamindars and the Company officials through  ryotwari and zamindari systems.

• They complained that judicial system was slow, complicated and imperfect. 

• It pointed out that the efficiency of the judiciary was affected by appointment of judges without assessing their judicial knowledge and competence in the local languages. 

• The diversion of state funds to missionary schools, under the grants-in-aid system, was also objected to in the petition. 

• March 1853 – MNA petition was discussed in the Parliament.  
• October 1853 – H. D. Seymour, Chairman of the Indian Reform Society came to Madras. He visited places like Guntur, Cuddalore, Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Tirunelveli.
• The Charter Act of 1853 allowed British East India Company to continue its rule in India, the MNA organised an agitation for the transfer of British territories in India to the direct control of the Crown.

Second petition

• Second petition to British Parliament, signed by fourteen thousand individuals, pleading the termination of Company rule in India.
• Lakshminarasu died in 1866 and by 1881, the association ceased to exist
• Reason for fall of MNA

• The MNA operated within the boundaries of Madras Presidency.
• The grievances that the MNA raised through its petitions and the agitations it launched were from the point of view of the elite, particularly the landed gentry of Madras Presidency. 
• Lacking was a national political organisation representing every section of the society, an organisation that would raise the grievances and agitate against the colonial power for their redress.  

Madras Mahajan Sabha 

• Founded on May 1884

• • Founded by M. Viraraghavachari, B. Subramaniya Ayer, P. Rangaiah and P. Anandacharlu.

• Inagural meeting – 16 May 1884.  The prominent participants were

• • G. Subramaniam, Viraraghavachari, Ananda Charlu, Rangiah, Balaji Rao and Salem Ramaswamy 

• First president- P. Rangaiah 

• Secretary – P. Anandacharlu

• It was the training ground for the first generation of nationalist leaders

• The members met periodically, debated public issues in closed meetings, conducted hall meetings and communicated their views to the government.
• Objective – To create a consensus among people of different parts of the Presidency on various issues of public interest and to present it to the government.
• Demands – 

• Conduct civil services examinations simultaneously in England and India.
• Abolition of the Council of India in London
• Reduction of taxes 
• Reduction of civil and military expenditure.

• After the completion of the second provincial conference of Madras Mahajana Sabha, the leaders after attending the first session of the Indian National Congress (INC) in Bombay amalgamated the MMS with the INC.

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