TNPSC Free Notes Chemistry – Petroleum Products

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

                                Petroleum Products

 Dead plants and animals buried at the bottom of the sea millions of years ago. They got
covered with layers of sand and clay. Due to high pressure and temperature, they got
transformed into petroleum.
 The world’s first petroleum well was drilled in Pennsylvania, USA in 1859.
 Eight years later in 1867,oil was struck at Makum in Assam
 The chief petroleum producing countries are U.S.A Kuwait, Iraq, Persia, Russia and
Mexico.
 In India, petroleum is found in Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra (Mumbai high) and Andhra
Pradesh (Godavari and Krishna basin) and Tamil Nadu (Cauveri Basins).
 Petroleum is obtained by drilling through the earth.
 The crude oil is pumped out from a well as a black liquid.

Refining of Crude Petroleum
 Petroleum is a dark oily liquid.
 It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating
oil, paraffin wax, etc.
 The process of separating various constituents / fractions of petroleum by fractional
distillation in fractionating columns is known as refining of petroleum.
 The process of heating a mixture of many liquids having different boiling points and
separating them by cooling is called fractional distillation
 Crude petroleum is first heated to about 400° C in a furnace.
 As the vapors of crude oil move up the tower, they condense according to their boiling
point ranges. These are the various fractions which make up crude oil.

Product and their Uses
 Petroleum Gas – LPG
 Petrol Motor – Fuel
 Kerosene – Stove & Jet Aircraft
 Diesel – Fuel for Heavy Motor Vehicles
 Lubricating Oil – Lubrication
 Fuel oil – Power station & Ship Fuel
 Paraffin wax – candles & Vaseline
Bitumen – Paints, Road surfacing

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