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UPSC Mains Exam 2022: UPSC CSE Mains 2022 GS1 Paper Analysis
UPSC Mains Exam 2022: UPSC CSE Mains Examination 2022 began from 16th September 2022 and will end on 25th September 2022. The UPSC Main (Written) exam would be conducted for a period of 5 days – 16th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th September 2022.
UPSC CSE Mains Essay paper 2022 was conducted on 16th September 2022. UPSC CSE Mains GS 1 paper 2022 was conducted on 17th September 2022 in the first session. Questions in the UPSC Mains 2022 GS Paper 1 were asked on the expected lines. Questions from Society section of the UPSC Mains Syllabus (GS Paper 1) dominated the UPSC CSE Mains 2022 GS 1 Paper followed by questions from geography and resource distribution. Absence of Questions for World History was visible in the UPSC Mains GS Paper 1.
The candidates can check the UPSC CSE Mains GS 1 2022 Question Paper PDF from the link given below.
UPSC CSE Mains GS 1 Paper 2022 PDF Download
UPSC CSE Mains 2022 GS paper 1 Analysis
For aspirants preparing for the UPSC CSE Exam 2023, Analysis of UPSC CSE Mains 2022 papers are an important source of information about type of questions asked in the UPSC Exam. Keeping that in Mind, we have provide in-depth analysis and approach to attempt the UPSC Mains GS 1 Paper 2022.
UPSC Mains GS Paper 1 Questions and Analysis
Q.1) स्पष्ट करें कि मध्यकालीन भारतीय मंदिरों की मूर्तिकला उस दौर के सामाजिक जीवन का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days? (Answer in 150 words) 10 M
Analysis
Need of the Question: Question on Medieval Indian Temple Sculpture simply wants candidates to explain how sculptures represent contemporary social developments of the their time. Candidates ought to know certain Medieval Indian Temple Sculptures and their features and then link them to the contemporary social developments.
Structure
- Introduction: It must be a short statement defining how sculptures are the mirror of their contemporary society.
- Main Body: Here candidates are expected to write various examples of temple sculptures and then justify how they represented the social life of the contemporary people in the society. In this section, one must note that only factual knowledge about Medieval Indian Temple Sculpture would not fetch good marks. Candidates must link this with the features of the contemporary society which is the demand of the question.
- Conclusion: Conclusion must be a short one as this is only a 10 marker question. Conclusion should be the summary of what has been discussed in the body.
Q.2) अधिकांश भारतीय सिपाहियों वाली ईस्ट इंडिया की सेना क्यों तत्कालीन भारतीय शासकों की संख्याबल में अधिक और बेहतर सुसज्जित सेना से लगातार जीतती रही ? कारण बताएँ । (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Why did the armies of the British East India Company – mostly comprising of Indian soldiers – win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers ? Give reasons. (Answer in 150 words) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: Question on British EIC and their victories over Indian Counterpart demands aspirants to list the reason for British EIC’s continuous victory over Indian Rulers. Here, Candidates must stick to the need of the question at hand and write point wise reasons for the defeat of the Indian Rulers despite their best efforts.
Structure:
- Introduction: Here, candidates should write about the formation of British EIC and how this led to enslavement of India and Indians for more than 200 years.
- Main Body: It should only consist reasons for continuous defeat of Indian Rulers at the hand of British EIC. Reasons like lack of Unity, Poor state of economy, and inability of Indian rulers to comprehend true intentions of Britishers in India can me be mentioned.
- Conclusion: It should highlight how initial failure of Indian Rulers against British EIC led to increased strength of the company and a long term socio-economic and political exploitation of Indians.
Q.3) औपनिवेशिक भारत की अठारहवीं शताब्दी के मध्य से क्यों अकाल पड़ने में अचानक वृद्धि देखने को मिलती है ? कारण बताएं। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons. (Answer in 150 words) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: Candidates must read each and every question carefully in order to write to the point answers. In this question, since the mid-eighteenth century and Colonial India are the keywords. It means it covers entire period of British Domination in India (Starting from Battle of Plassey 1757 and ending with the Independence of India in 1947). In this question aspirants should focus more on the manmade causes leading to famines in India during British Rule.
Structure
- Introduction: It must cover how British exploitation of Indian resources led to extreme famine in India, leading to loss of life and dignity of poor in the country.
- Main Body: In this section, aspirants are expected to mention specific reasons like exponential tax rate, export ban and one way trade, poor investment in Irrigation Infrastructure, Ruralization of Indian Economy, etc. as the reason for increased frequency of famine since the mid-eighteenth century in India.
- Conclusion: This must also emphasis that the famines of the said period were mainly manmade and Impacted Indian Society and Economy even after Independence.
Q.4) प्राथमिक चट्टानों की विशेषताओं एवं प्रकारों का वर्णन कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Describe the characteristics and types of primary rocks. (Answer in 150 words ) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: It is a simply question from UPSC standards. Aspirants should first define what is primary rock followed by their characteristics and types.
Structure
- Introduction: Candidates should simply define primary rocks in this section.
- Main Body: It should consist important characteristics (pointwise) and main types of the Primary rocks. Candidates should also ensure that they use vocabulary of geography in this answer in order to make the answer more impressive.
- Conclusion: its only 150 word question, candidate ought not to write a conclusion.
Q.5) भारतीय मौसम विज्ञान विभाग द्वारा चक्रवात प्रवण क्षेत्रों के लिए मौसम सम्बन्धी चेतावनियों के लिए निर्धारित रंग संकेत के अर्थ की चर्चा करें। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Discuss the meaning of color-coded weather warnings for cyclone-prone areas given by the India Meteorological Department. (Answer in 150 words) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: This question expects candidates to write about different colour coded weather warnings issued by IMD and their meaning. For candidates to attempt this question comprehensively, they must be aware of colour coding mechanism of IMD to issue weather related warnings including Cyclones. Candidates have to simply explain the meaning of each colour code and associated warning for the cyclone prone areas.
Structure
- Introduction: In this section, aspirant can start with highlighting the importance of an effective early warning systems including colour coded warnings by IMD in minimizing damages caused by cyclones and then go on explaining it in the main body.
- Main Body: Candidates must write the four colour coded early warning system used by IMD to warn concerned officials and people in the affected region. In this section, candidates should explain what kind of threat level a particular code represents and what kind of warnings are issued against each colour codes. This is a ten marker question, so candidates are not expected to go deep into the advantages and flaws of the system.
- Conclusion: Conclusion should summaries the above points and suggest that early warning system must be improved further to reduce the loses caused by various disasters including cyclones.
Q.6) ‘दक्कन ट्रैप’ की प्राकृतिक संसाधन सम्भावनाओं की चर्चा कीजिए। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Discuss the natural resource potentials of Deccan Trap’. (Answer in 150 words) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: Question demands candidates to have physiological knowledge of the Deccan Trap, natural resources Found in the region, constrains in exploiting these resources and opportunities/potential of deccan trap in terms of natural resources. Though awareness about the above aspects of Deccan trap is needed, in this question, candidates should only write potential of various natural resources available in the deccan trap region.
Structuring
- Introduction: In Introduction, candidates should write about the importance of Deccan Trap, or its geological formation and geographic location or various natural resources found in the region.
- Mains Body: It should list various natural resources found in the Deccan Region and their developmental potential. Candidates must keep this in mind that the potential natural resources should not include already exploited natural resources. Natural resources like Geothermal Energy, Wind energy, use of new technological development in exploiting existing natural resources should be covered in the answer.
- Conclusion: Conclusion should sum up the natural resources potential of the Deccan Trap and ways to exploit it.
Q.7) भारत में पवन ऊर्जा की संभावना का परीक्षण कीजिए एवं उनके सीमित क्षेत्रीय विस्तार के कारणों को समझाइए | (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)
Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread. (Answer in 150 words) 10M
Ans.
Need of the Question: Question has two parts. In the first one candidates are to write about wind energy and their potential in India and in the second part reasons for their limited spatial spread in the country. This is a ten marker so candidates must cover each part to the point and briefly.
Structure
- Introduction: Aspirants should write about wind energy and their current status in Indian energy balance sheet.
- Main Body: It should discuss favourable conditions for wind energy generation and reasons for their limited special distribution in India. After this, in the second part candidates must discuss potential of wing energy in India, locations favourable for their generation and investment in Research and Development to successfully utilize this wind energy potential in the country.
- Conclusion: It should provide that government shall formulate effective policy for wind energy by minimizing challenges associated with wind energy generation and ensure its effective implementation on the ground.
8) Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationahips(150 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Introduce with How ”Many workplaces are adopting work-from-home (WFH) arrangements, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic.”
Explore:
- What is ‘Work From Home’?
- Try to give some examples
- Give some data in context of India and World
Evaluate:
- Answer the impacts of WFH on family relationships during the peak of COVID-19 Pandemic and after COVID-19.
- There should be a evaluation in context of ”Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (VSA) model”
- WFH v/s work-life balance
Way Forward:
- Provide practical recommendations to enhance family relationships under WFH.
9) How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption?(150 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction
Give a figure from some latest surveys on ”how Tier 2 cities related to rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption?”
Body:
- What is a Tier 2 city?
- Give proper definition with some examples like: Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Nashik, Gandhi Nagar and Jaipur are the top tier-II cities in respect of the growth of the residential property market.
- What is New Middle Class?
- The pandemic, the lockdown, and the middle class
- What is culture of consumption?
- What is India’s changing consumer market and culture ?
Way Forward
- Provide practical solutions to manage the consumption needs of a new middle class.
- Provide environment friendly solutions.
- Importance of Urban Forests, etc.
10) Given the diversities among tribal communities in India, in which specific context should they be considered as a single category?(150 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Present a short definition and number of tribal communities in India, their population and area in which they reside.
Middle:
- Give suitable figures to show tribal diversity on the basis of various castes and subcastes, languages and Dialects, Culture(Dance, Music,Worship, Festivals, etc.)
- Give state wise figures of the distribution of tribal population in the country.
- Give specific reasons for considering all tribal communities ‘a single category’- Emphasis should be on Administrative Reasons.
- Compare the ‘Unity in diversity’ of our country with the tribal community.
Provide some examples of recent government schemes and policies to strengthen the identity of tribal community of the country.
Way Forward
- Give practical solutions to enhance the well being of tribal people along with preserving their culture and values.
- Provide ways and importance of tribal integrity for the country.
11) The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples(250 Words).
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Give a brief note like this: The existing structure of the States of the Indian Union is partly the result of accident and the circumstances attending the growth of the British power in India and partly a by-product of the historic process of the integration of former Indian States. The map of the territories annexed and – directly administered by the British was also not shaped by any rational or scientific planning but “by the military, political or administrative exigencies or conveniences of the moment.
Middle:
- Give some background on ”how the provincial organisation of British India was meant to serve a two-fold purpose?”
- Reorganization of princely states
- Role of nationalism in reorganization of states(even now)
- Give constitutional angle: A peculiar feature of the Indian-Constitution is the disparate status of the constituent units of the Union.
- The political and administrative demands for the reorganisation of States(Give examples)
- What should be Administrative Convenience?: Administrative considerations, Linguistic homogeneity, geographical compactness, alignment of communications ensuring easy accessibility from one area to another and the elimination of multipliaity of jurisdictions in areas, which administratively and economically constitute integrated units are some of the objectives which have to be borne in mind from the point of view of administrative
- Give some insight on: Should many big Indian states like UP, Bihar,Rajasthan, etc. be reorganized for better administration.
- Give examples of Nehru Committe, Dhar Committee, JVP Committee, etc.
Way Forward:
- Reorganization or Local Administration?: In the existing conditions in this country as determined by territory and population, the ideal – of self-government for very small units can, therefore, possibly be realised only at the level of local institutions.
- What should be purpose of Reorganization?: Administrative efficiency and co-ordination of economic development and welfare activity.
12) Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian Heritage and Culture. (250 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Introduction should be common for both Gupta Period and Chola Period as what Gupta’s achieved and contributed in north, the Chola’s achived in south in terms of art, culture, literature, etc.
Middle:
- Separately discuss the Role of Chola Period and Gupta Period:
- Time line, important rulers, Temple, Sanatan Dharma, Philosophy, Art forms(Music, Dance, Literature) etc.
- Draw separate maps and show various temples and art forms flourished during Chola’s and Gupta’s.
- Mention the name of famous Chola and Gupta Kings and their individual contributions in the development of Indian Heritage and Culture.
- Mention the name of famous personalities during Chola’s and Gupta’s.
- Mention the events when Chola and Gupta Kings fought to save our culture and heritage.
Conclusion
Write a praiseworthy conclusion which shows the golden Gupta and Chola periods in a nutshell.
13) Discuss the significance of the lion and Bull figures in Indian Mythology art and architecture. (250 words)
Introduction: What should be our approach?
Mention the names of lion and Bull figures in India and also mention the the national emblem on the new Parliament building, which was recently unveiled by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.
Middle:
Lion:-
- Lion Motifs in Maurya Period
- Mention the name of some places from where Lion Motifs were found in Maurya Period:
- Lion as the crowning animal of Mauryan pillars have been found from several places. Such as, Lion capital at Bakhira, Lion capital of Lauåiyā Nandangaåh, Rāmpurvā Lion Capital, Sārnāth Lion capital, Sāñchī Lion capital. Besides these, lion capital has been found at Masadh village in Arrah district of Bihar. Apart from this Allahabad pillar was also surmounted by a lion.
- Lion Motifs in Hindu Temples and their significance
- What Lion capital as a National emblem symbolize?
Bull:-
- Significance of bull in Sanatan Dharma – Lord Shiva rides on Nandi, the bull. It means that Nandi is the vehicle of Lord Shiva. According to Hindu dharma, Nandi is considered to hold truth and righteousness.
- Give examples of Bull figurines found from various place in India like Terracotta Bull Figurines from Harappa, The Rampurva Bull Capital etc.
- Bull in other civilizations – If you look at other civilizations, notably the Apis of Egpty and Marduk of Mesopotamia, the Bull is also used as God forms.
- Anthropomorphic properties of Nandi – These are anthropomorphic properties of Nandi:
- He is the protector of Hindu morality and religious way.
- He is the head of 18 Siddhas of Hindu dharma.
- He can grant many boons since he is the vahana of the main god Shiva. In Sanatan Dharma people believe that if they convey their wishes to Nandi’s ears, then their wishes can be fulfilled.
14) What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in the fishing industry of the world. (250 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Define ocean currents – Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density. Ocean water moves in two directions: horizontally and vertically. Horizontal movements are referred to as currents, while vertical changes are called upwellings or downwellings. This abiotic system is responsible for the transfer of heat, variations in biodiversity, and Earth’s climate system.
What are the forces that influence ocean currents?
- Ocean currents are influenced by two types of forces namely: primary forces that initiate the movement of water; secondary forces that influence the currents to flow.
- The primary forces:
- heating by solar energy;
- wind;
- gravity;
- Coriolis force.
- The secondary forces:
- Temperature difference;
- Salinity difference
- The primary forces:
How ocean currents impacts fishing Industry?
OCs affect the growth of plankton which provides fish food. Warm ocean currents restrict the growth of plankton hence give rise to poor fishing grounds. Cold ocean currents encourage the growth of plankton (small plants) as they are rich in nutrients.
Draw a suitable map showing various ocean currents.
15) Describing the distribution of rubber-producing countries indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. (250 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Mention the names of few rubber producing countries along with India’s rubber producing capacities.
Middle:
- Which factors affects rubber production?
- Draw a pie chart showing the names of the country with their rubber production capacities.
- Natural rubber production in Asia?
- The Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries
- What is AIRIA (All India Rubber Industries Association)?
- What India should do to produce more rubber?
- Which country consumes the most natural rubber?
- Environmental Problems Related to Natural Rubber Production:
- In rubber sheet drying industry, main concern is the smoke particles from fuel wood burning because of the presence of hazardous components such as PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) associated with the particles.
- The PAH concentration is very high in the workspace and this could have adverse effect on workers’ health. Moreover, the wastewater in rubber drying cooperatives is not treated properly.
- Appropriate technologies are needed in dealing with both smoke particles and wastewater problems.
- In rubber latex industry, main concern is wastewater but it is generally well treated.
- The odor problem arising from ammonia used for latex preservation remains, however, unsolved.
- In rubber glove industry, main problem is the wastewater and it is treated the same way as in rubber latex industry.
16) Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (250 words)
Solution: What should be our approach?
Introduction:
Define Straits and Isthmus with giving suitable examples.
Strait – It is a comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water
Isthmus – Isthmuses have been strategic locations for centuries. They are natural sites for ports and canals linking terrestrial and aquatic trade routes.
Middle:
- The world’s most important trade routes(Mention their names and discuss why they are important)
- Strategic Importance of Strait of Malacca in Southern Asia.
- The Economic Importance of the Straits of Malacca in Southern Asia.
- Isthmus of Panama and its significance
- Mention the names of International straits of significance to India.
- Mention the names of important international waterways in terms of straits and isthmus.
Q17. Describing the distribution of rubber producing countries indicate major environmental issues faced by them.
Points- Rubber is an important industrial raw material.
- It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas and requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm. and temperature above 25°C.
Distribution
Thailand:
Thailand now ranks first in global rubber output and produced 3.09 million metric tons of rubber – 31 per cent of global total.
Indonesia
Most of the rubber plantations are confined to Java, Sumatra and Boroneo islands. Indonesia is now able to export her output.
Malaysia
There was a time when Malaysia was the largest single producer of rubber in the world. But now it ranks third in global production of rubber
India
India is in the fourth position in global production
Vietnam
Vietnam ranks fifth among rubber-producing countries of the world.
Environmental Issues
- Synthetic rubber comes from fossil fuels and causes pollution
- Natural rubber contributes to deforestation, since rubber trees need significant space to grow, vast amounts of land need to be cleared to make way for them.
- Chemical pesticides use in natural rubber plantations which affects the environment (as well as human health) causing water pollution and a decline in soil quality.
Q18. Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade.
Points- Strait is a navigable waterway that connects two large water bodies, while isthmus is a narrow strip of land that connects two larger landmasses and separates two bodies of water. Isthmuses have been strategic locations for centuries and are natural sites for ports and canals linking terrestrial and aquatic trade routes.
Importance of straits and isthmus
- Control over straits and Isthmuses by a country helps it to establish good control over the connected sea and shipping lanes of the region.
- It helps in exploring the wealth that lies beneath the sea in the form of minerals, oil and gas.
- Countries with control over straits impose heavy charges on foreign ships passing through the straits.
- It also helps to exploit the marine commercial activities like aquaculture
- Isthmuses are key sites for communications and cultural exchange, as well as military outposts.
Q19. Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in making of Indian form of secularism.
Points- Tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human and is required to uphold equality of all religions.
Secularism entails tolerance within a religion though it doesn’t mean accepting all the practices of different community even when they are discriminatory. E.g. The practice of triple talaq was declared unconstitutional, women were allowed inside the temple of sabarimala as they were discriminatory.
Assimilation means the process in which a person or group from one culture comes in contact with another culture, adopting the values and practices of the other while still retaining their own distinct identity.
Pluralism in theory relates to the co-Existence of various Religious, Cultural and Diverse Groups of people within a definite territory.
Q20. Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India.
Approach- Define globalization
- Impact of globalization
- Emergence of new technologies
- Role of technology in promoting globalization
- Rise of India in global market citing examples such as the the OECD’S 2019 Economic Survey’s report which highlighted that “India has succeeded in increasing the number of goods exported and in serving new markets/countries. Its export basket is highly diversified and exports to emerging markets are growing fast. Such a diversification reveals the high potential of the Indian economy to adjust to new demands. It also reduces exposure to risks such as lower demand in one country or for one specific product.”
