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COMMON DISEASES
Disease:These are the conditions of the body or a part of it in which functions disturbed.
Disease area of two types:
- Communicable Diseases:
- Infections which spread from infected person to healthy one.
- They are of further two types.
A. Contagious: Spread through direct contact.
Examples – Chickenpox, mumps, Syphilis, measles, dermatitis, eczema, etc.
B. Non- contagious: Spread through without coming in direct contact.
Examples – Influenza, tetanus, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.
- Non- communicable Diseases
- Non-spreadable or non-infectious.
- Deficiency diseases (hormonal and vitamin deficiency).
- Degenerative disease (diseases due to inactively of body organs).
- Allergic disease (disease due to color, dust, etc.)
- Addiction
Genetic Disorders:
- Gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, etc.
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Causal Organisms of Some Diseases:
|
Diseases |
Causal Organism |
Spread/Transmitted by |
|
Viral Diseases |
||
| Influenza | Myxovirus A, B, C | Droplet infection |
| Common cold | Rhino virus | Droplet infection |
| Small pox | Variola virus | Droplets, skin wounds |
| Chicken pox | Varicella Zoster | Contact, droplet infection |
| Measles | Paramyxovirus | Droplet infection |
| German Measles (Rubella) | Rubella virus | Droplet infection |
| Rabies | Rabies virus | Biting or saliva of rabies animals |
| Mumps | Paramyxo virus | Droplet infection |
| Trachoma | Chlamydia trachomatis | Contact, droplet infection |
| Poliomyelitis | Poliovirus (Picorna virus) | Droplet infection, human faeces |
| Yellow fever | Arbo virus | Ticks, mosquitoes |
| AIDS | HIV | Blood transfusion, unsafe sexual intercourse, infected needless |
| Hepatitis | HAV, HVB, HCV HDV, HEV | Blood transfusion, sexual inter course |
| Dengue fever | DEN₁, DEN₂, DEN₃, DEN₄ | Mosquito Aedes aegypti |
| Diphtheria | Cornebacterium diphtheriae | Droplet infection |
|
Bacterial Diseases |
||
| Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Droplet infection, milk of infected cattle |
| Whooping cough(pertussis ) | Bordetella pertusis | Droplet infection |
| Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhea | Sexual contact |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | Sexual contact |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Injuries through infected objects |
| Botulism | Clostridium botulinum | Infected food |
| Cholera | Vibrio coma, V. Cholera | Faecal contamination |
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhi or S. typhosa | Faecal contamination |
| Pneumonia | Diplococcus Pneumonia | Sputum of patient |
| Plague | Yersinia pestis or Pasteurella pestis | Rat flea bite |
| Leprosy (Hensen’s disease) | Mycobacterium leprale | Long and close contact with patient |
| Bacterial dysentery | Shigella dysenteriae | Faecal contamination |
| Fungal Diseases | ||
| Athlete’s foot | Tinea pedis | – |
| Head Ringworm | Tinea captitis | Direct contact through combs, brushes, caps etc. |
| Candidiasis | Candida albicans | – |
|
Protozoans Diseases |
||
| Malaria | Plasmodium vivax | Female Anopheles mosquito |
| Amoebiasis | Entamoeba histolytica | Uncooked or unhygienic food faecal contamination. |
| Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness) | Trypanosoma sp. | Bite of tse -tse fly. |
| Leishmaniasis | Leishmania donovani | Bite of sand-fly (phlebotomus) |
| Flagellate Diarrhea | Giardia lamblia | Cyst contaminated food and water |
| (Giardiasis) Pyorrhea | Entamoeba gingivalis | Infected brushes, saline etc. |
|
Helminths Diseases |
||
| Taeniasis | Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) | Raw under cooked measly pork |
| Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides | Contaminated food and water |
| Filariasis (elephantiasis or elephant foot) | Wuchereria bancrofi (filarial worm) | Bite of Culex mosquito |
| Ancyclostomiasis | Ancyclostoma duodenale | Boring through the skin of feet |
|
Insect Carrying Diseases |
|
| Mosquito (Anopheles) | Malaria |
| Aedes aegypti | Dengue fever |
| Rat flea | Plague |
| Culex | Filariasis or elephantiasis |
| Sand fly | Kala – azar |
| Tse – tse fly | Sleeping sickness |
| House fly | Cholera |
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