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In many teaching exams including REET, UTET & DSSSB Exams etc. Science may be an interesting subject with interesting notes and quizzes. In TET Exams, there will be 30 questions i.e. 15 Questions Science content and 15 questions of Science Pedagogy in REET, UTET and other State TET Exams. Science comprising of various branches of studies like chemistry, physical science, and life science.
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COMMON DISEASES
Disease:These are the conditions of the body or a part of it in which functions disturbed.
Disease area of two types:
- Communicable Diseases:
- Infections which spread from infected person to healthy one.
- They are of further two types.
A. Contagious: Spread through direct contact.
Examples – Chickenpox, mumps, Syphilis, measles, dermatitis, eczema, etc.
B. Non- contagious: Spread through without coming in direct contact.
Examples – Influenza, tetanus, malaria, tuberculosis, etc.
- Non- communicable Diseases
- Non-spreadable or non-infectious.
- Deficiency diseases (hormonal and vitamin deficiency).
- Degenerative disease (diseases due to inactively of body organs).
- Allergic disease (disease due to color, dust, etc.)
- Addiction
Genetic Disorders:
- Gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis, etc.
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Causal Organisms of Some Diseases:
|
Diseases |
Causal Organism |
Spread/Transmitted by |
|
Viral Diseases |
||
| Influenza | Myxovirus A, B, C | Droplet infection |
| Common cold | Rhino virus | Droplet infection |
| Small pox | Variola virus | Droplets, skin wounds |
| Chicken pox | Varicella Zoster | Contact, droplet infection |
| Measles | Paramyxovirus | Droplet infection |
| German Measles (Rubella) | Rubella virus | Droplet infection |
| Rabies | Rabies virus | Biting or saliva of rabies animals |
| Mumps | Paramyxo virus | Droplet infection |
| Trachoma | Chlamydia trachomatis | Contact, droplet infection |
| Poliomyelitis | Poliovirus (Picorna virus) | Droplet infection, human faeces |
| Yellow fever | Arbo virus | Ticks, mosquitoes |
| AIDS | HIV | Blood transfusion, unsafe sexual intercourse, infected needless |
| Hepatitis | HAV, HVB, HCV HDV, HEV | Blood transfusion, sexual inter course |
| Dengue fever | DEN₁, DEN₂, DEN₃, DEN₄ | Mosquito Aedes aegypti |
| Diphtheria | Cornebacterium diphtheriae | Droplet infection |
|
Bacterial Diseases |
||
| Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis | Droplet infection, milk of infected cattle |
| Whooping cough(pertussis ) | Bordetella pertusis | Droplet infection |
| Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhea | Sexual contact |
| Syphilis | Treponema pallidum | Sexual contact |
| Tetanus | Clostridium tetani | Injuries through infected objects |
| Botulism | Clostridium botulinum | Infected food |
| Cholera | Vibrio coma, V. Cholera | Faecal contamination |
| Typhoid | Salmonella typhi or S. typhosa | Faecal contamination |
| Pneumonia | Diplococcus Pneumonia | Sputum of patient |
| Plague | Yersinia pestis or Pasteurella pestis | Rat flea bite |
| Leprosy (Hensen’s disease) | Mycobacterium leprale | Long and close contact with patient |
| Bacterial dysentery | Shigella dysenteriae | Faecal contamination |
| Fungal Diseases | ||
| Athlete’s foot | Tinea pedis | – |
| Head Ringworm | Tinea captitis | Direct contact through combs, brushes, caps etc. |
| Candidiasis | Candida albicans | – |
|
Protozoans Diseases |
||
| Malaria | Plasmodium vivax | Female Anopheles mosquito |
| Amoebiasis | Entamoeba histolytica | Uncooked or unhygienic food faecal contamination. |
| Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping sickness) | Trypanosoma sp. | Bite of tse -tse fly. |
| Leishmaniasis | Leishmania donovani | Bite of sand-fly (phlebotomus) |
| Flagellate Diarrhea | Giardia lamblia | Cyst contaminated food and water |
| (Giardiasis) Pyorrhea | Entamoeba gingivalis | Infected brushes, saline etc. |
|
Helminths Diseases |
||
| Taeniasis | Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) | Raw under cooked measly pork |
| Ascariasis | Ascaris lumbricoides | Contaminated food and water |
| Filariasis (elephantiasis or elephant foot) | Wuchereria bancrofi (filarial worm) | Bite of Culex mosquito |
| Ancyclostomiasis | Ancyclostoma duodenale | Boring through the skin of feet |
|
Insect Carrying Diseases |
|
| Mosquito (Anopheles) | Malaria |
| Aedes aegypti | Dengue fever |
| Rat flea | Plague |
| Culex | Filariasis or elephantiasis |
| Sand fly | Kala – azar |
| Tse – tse fly | Sleeping sickness |
| House fly | Cholera |
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