Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Notes- Early Societies

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Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Notes

In this chapter, we will see the beginning of the early societies from the beginning of time. We will also see the different stages of the origin of human beings in this chapter. We will also see the timeline of human origin from 6 MYA to 1BCE.

Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Notes- Early Societies: Asia Timeline (6 MYA to 1 BCE)

DATES	ASIA	SOUTH ASIA
6 MYA – 5,00,000 BP	Use of Fire (China)	Stone Age site in Riwat (Pakistan)
150,000-50,000 BP	Homo Sapiens Fossils (West Asia
30,000-10,000 BP	Domestication of Dog	Cave paintings at Bhimbetka (MP)
8,000-7,000 BCE	Domestication of sheep and goat, cultivation of wheat and barley
7,000-6,000 BCE	Domestication of pig and cattle	Early agricultural settlements (Baluchistan)
6,000-5,000 BCE	Domestication of chicken, cultivation of millet and yam
5,000-4,000 BCE	Cultivation of cotton (South Asia); use of copper
4,000-3,000 BCE	Use of the potter’s wheel, wheel for transport	Use of Copper
3,000-2,000 BCE	Plough agriculture, cities (Mesopotamia); silk making (China); cultivation of rice	Cities of the Harappan civilization, use of script
2,000-1,900 BCE	Domestication of water-buffalo
1,600-1,500 BCE	Cities, writing, kingdoms (Shang dynasty), use of bronze (China)
1,500-1,400 BCE	Use of iron	Composition of Rig Veda
1,200-1,000 BCE	Domestication of the one-humped camel	Use of iron, megaliths
600-500 BCE	Use of coins (Turkey); Persian Empire	Cities and states in several areas, first coins, spread of Jainism and Buddhism
400-200 BCE	Beginning of Construction of Great Wall of China	Establishment of the Mauryan empire (321 BCE)

Seals and Artefacts of Indus Valley Civilization

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Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1: Africa and Europe Timeline (6 MYA to 1 BCE)

DATES	AFRICA	EUROPE
6 MYA – 5,00,000 BP	Evidence of use of fire
5,00,000-1,50,000 BP	Homo Sapiens Fossils	Evidence of use of fire
50,000-30,000 BP		Homo Sapiens Fossils
30,000-10,000 BP	Paintings in caves/rock shelters	Paintings in caves/rock shelters (especially France and Spain)
7,000-6,000 BCE	Domestication of dogs and cattle
6,000-5,000 BCE		Cultivation of wheat and barley (Greece)
4,000-3,000 BCE	Domestication of donkey, cultivation of millet, use of copper	Use of Copper
3,000-2,000 BCE	Plough agriculture, first kingdoms, cities, pyramids, calendar, hieroglyphic script	Domestication of Horse
2,000-1,900 BCE		Cities, palaces, use of bronze, the potter’s wheel, development of trade
1,700-1,600 BCE		Development of Script
1,500-1,400 BCE	Use of glass bottles
1,100-1,000 BCE		Use of iron
900-800 BCE	City of Carthage established in North Africa by the Phoenicians from West Asia
800-600 BCE	Use of Iron (Sudan and Egypt)	First Olympic Games (Greece, 776 BCE)
600-500 BCE		Establishment of the Roman republic (510 BCE)
500-400 BCE	Persians invade Egypt	Establishment of a Democracy in Athens
400-300 BCE	Establishment of Alexandria, Egypt (332 BCE)	Alexander of Macedonia conquers Egypt

Fig: First Olympic Games in Athens, Greece – 776 BCE

Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1: America and Pacific Islands Timeline (6 MYA to 1 BCE)

DATES	AMERICA	PACIFIC ISLANDS/ AUSTRALIA
50,000-30,000 BP		Homo sapiens fossils, earliest indications of sea faring
30,000-10,000 BP	Homo sapiens fossils	Paintings
7,000-6,000 BCE	Cultivation of squash
5,000-4,000 BCE	Cultivation of beans
4,000-3,000 BCE	Cultivation of cotton, bottle gourd
3,000-2,000 BCE	Domestication of guinea pig, turkey, cultivation of maize
2,000-1,900 BCE	Cultivation of potato, chilli, cassava, peanut
1,200-1,100 BCE	Olmec settlements around the Gulf of Mexico, early temples and sculpture	Settlements in Polynesia and Micronesia
1,000-900 BCE	Development of a hieroglyphic script

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Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 PDF

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Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Early Societies: Important Terms

FOSSILS

Fossils are the remains of extinct plants, animals, and humans that have hardened into rock through time.

SPECIES

A collection of living things that can be crossed to create fecund, healthy offspring that are subdivided into smaller groups called species.

PRIMATES

Primates are a subsection of a wider group of mammals that are characterised by a lengthy gestation period followed by birth, the presence of mammary glands, a variety of tooth kinds, and the capacity to regulate body temperature.

ARTEFACTS

Artefacts are things that humans have created, such as tools, works of art, sculptures, engravings, etc.

ANTHROPOLOGY

Anthropology is a scientific field that examines the evolution of human biology and human society.

ETHNOGRAPHY

The study of modern ethnic groups is known as ethnography. It investigates social conventions, gender, political structures, and methods of subsistence.

AUSTRALOPITHECUS

African apes known as Australopithecus.

HOMO

A Latin word that signifies “man” is homo.

HOMO ERECTUS

A human species capable of upright, leg-propelled gait.

HOMO SAPIENS

Wiseman, also referred to as modern humans, is Homo sapiens.

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Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Early Societies: Summary

There are numerous phases to the development of humans.
Primates are a subgroup of a wider group of animals.
Primates existed in Asia and Africa between 36 and 24 mya.
Hominoids have been around since roughly 24 mya.
Hominoids, including apes, had relatively smaller brains.
The legs of hominoids were four. They could move around on all four paws, but they couldn’t stand up straight.
In Africa, 5.6 million years ago, Hominoids gave rise to the first hominids.
The Hominidae family included the Hominids.
Hominids are further classified into genus-level lineages.
The word “homo” originally meant “man” in Latin.
About 2.5 million years ago, homo sapiens first appeared.
Their fossils are between 2.2 and 1.8 million years old.
Australopithecus was less clever than Homo habilis.
Homo erectus had a good understanding of how to walk.
Human erectus fossils have been discovered in numerous locations throughout Asia and Africa.
The first modern men were Homo sapiens. They had wisdom and intelligence.
Between 0.19 and 0.16 million years ago, Homo sapiens first appeared.
Homo habilis fossils have been discovered at Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge and Ethiopia’s Omo.
In Africa and Asia, Homo erectus remains have been discovered.
Humans were highly intelligent. They made use of complex technologies and languages.
Neanderthal men were another name for Homo neanderthalensis because the Neander Valley in Germany is where their fossils have been discovered.
The most significant evidence comes from Terra Amata in Southern France. Thatch was used to build the cottage.
The discovery of fire drastically altered early men’s way of existence.
The locations where the remains of the usage of fire have been discovered include Chesowanja in Kenya and
Swartkrans in South Africa.
Stones were used to craft the first men’s tools. Hand axes, choppers, and flake tools made up the tools.
In Ethiopia and Kenya, the oldest examples of stone tool use were discovered.
Sewing needles were created about 21,000 years ago.
The mastery of speaking aided the man’s cultural advancement.
The sun, moon, rivers, and their everyday activities were all depicted in the paintings created by the first humans.
The walls and roofs of the caverns were painted. The earliest well-known cave paintings are thought to be those at
Altamira, Lascaux, and Chauvet.
Early humans also created little sculptures.
The Hadza people resided close to the salty Lake Eyasi and enjoyed hunting as well.
Altamira is a cave location in Spain.
The cave paintings were discovered by Marcelino Sanz deSautula and his daughter Maria.
Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey recognised Otduvai.
Some historians believe that without knowledge of the previous society, ethnographic evidence cannot be useful.
Ethnography stands for the critical study of modern ethnic society.
Early humans were totally reliant on the natural world.
They hunted and fished to acquire food.
Both tiny and huge fish were captured using hooks and harpoons.
Men first lived in caves, then on trees, and eventually in houses.
Around 400,000 years ago, cave life was first developed by early men.
The first example of a cave home is Cave Lazaret. Southern France is where it is.

Class 11 History NCERT Book Chapter 1 Notes- Early Societies: FAQs

Ques. What is the first chapter of history class 11?

Ans. Class 11 History Chapter 1 of NCERT Book is Early Societies, From the Beginning of Time.

Ques. How many chapters are there in class 11 history?

Ans. There are 11 chapters in the Class 11 NCERT History book

Ques. Is 11th history important for UPSC?

Ans. One of the most important chapters for candidates to fully comprehend in order to perform well in the History for UPSC CSE Section of the UPSC Examination is the Class 11 Topic.

Ques. What do you mean by history class 11?

Ans. History is the study of previous occurrences, individuals, and nations that brought about political, social, and economic changes in society.

Ques. What is history full answer?

Ans. All facets of human civilization are studied in the field of history, which is the study of change over time. Historical advancements include those that are social, political, economic, scientific, technological, medical, intellectual, religious, cultural, and even military.