CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23 PDF Download

Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23

The Central Board of Secondary Education has recently released the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2021-23 on its official website. We have provided the CBSE Class 12  Economics Syllabus 2022-23 in a detailed manner on this page to save the efforts of students.   The students must go through the entire CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23 given on this page and bookmark this page to get all the latest updates from CBSE.

Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23 PDF Download

CBSE Class 12 Economics PDF 2022-23

Class 12 CBSE Economics Syllabus

The CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2023 consists of 3 parts. The parts  given in CBSE Class 12 Economics  Syllabus 2023 are-

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Part B: Economic Development

Part C: Project work in Economics.

check the marks distributed to each parts given in the table below:

Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23: Unit-wise

Class 12 Economics Syllabus Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

•What is Macroeconomics?
Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods,
intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
•Circular flow of income (two sector model); Methods of calculating National Income –
Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income:
•Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) – at market price, at factor cost; Real and
Nominal GDP.
•GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

•Money – meaning and functions, supply of money – Currency held by the public and
net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
•Money creation by the commercial banking system.
•Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue,
Govt. Bank, Banker’s Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo
Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment 30 Periods

• Aggregate demand and its components.
•Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
•Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
•Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
•Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them –
changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

•Government budget – meaning, objectives, and components.
•Classification of receipts – revenue receipts and capital receipts;
•Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Balanced, Surplus, and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

•Balance of payments account – meaning and components;
•Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit
•Foreign exchange rate – meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits, and demerits of flexible and
fixed exchange rate. Managed Floating exchange rate system.

Class 12 Economics Syllabus Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991

•A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence.
•Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems, and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new
agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance), and foreign trade.
•Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalization, globalization, and privatization (LPG policy);
Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

•Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in
economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India
•Rural development: Key issues – credit and marketing – role of cooperatives;
agricultural diversification; alternative farming – organic farming
Employment: Growth and changes in workforce participation rate in formal and
informal sectors; problems and policies
•Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on
Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8: Development Experience of India

•A comparison with neighbors

•India and Pakistan
•India and China
•Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development, and other Human
Development Indicators

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23: Question Paper

Class 12 Economics Syllabus Project in Economics : Guidelines

 The objectives of the project work are to enable learners to:
•probe deeper into theoretical concepts learnt in classes XII
•analyse and evaluate real-world economic scenarios using theoretical constructs and
arguments
•demonstrate the learning of economic theory
• follow up aspects of economics in which learners have interest
• develop the communication skills to argue logically
 The expectations of the project work are that:
• learners will complete only ONE project in each academic session
• project should be of 3,500-4,000 words (excluding diagrams & graphs), preferably
hand-written
• it will be an independent, self-directed piece of study

Role of the teacher:

The teacher plays a critical role in developing thinking skills of the learners. A teacher should:
 help each learner select the topic based on recently published extracts from the news
media, government policies, RBI bulletin, NITI Aayog reports, IMF/World Bank reports
etc., after detailed discussions and deliberations of the topic
 play the role of a facilitator and supervisor to monitor the project work of the learner
through periodic discussions
 guide the research work in terms of sources for the relevant data
 educate learner about plagiarism and the importance of quoting the source of the
information to ensure authenticity of research work
 prepare the learner for the presentation of the project work
 arrange a presentation of the project file

Scope of the project:

Learners may work upon the following lines as a suggested flow chart:
1.Choose a title/topic
2.Collection of the research material/data
3.Organization of material/data
4.Present material/data
5.Analysing the material/data for conclusion
6.Draw the relevant conclusion
7.Presentation of the Project Work

Expected Checklist

 Introduction of topic/title
 Identifying the causes, consequences and/or remedies
 Various stakeholders and effect on each of them
 Advantages and disadvantages of situations or issues identified
 Short-term and long-term implications of economic strategies suggested in the course of
research
 Validity, reliability, appropriateness and relevance of data used for research work and
for presentation in the project file
 Presentation and writing that is succinct and coherent in project file
 Citation of the materials referred to, in the file in footnotes, resources section,
bibliography etc.

Mode of presentation/submission of the Project:

At the end of the stipulated term, each learner will present the research work in the Project File
to the External and Internal examiner. The questions should be asked from the Research
Work/ Project File of the learner. The Internal Examiner should ensure that the study
submitted by the learner is his/her own original work. In case of any doubt, authenticity
should be checked and verified.

Marking Scheme

Marks are suggested to be given as –

Suggestive List of Projects:

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23: Prescribed Books

1. Statistics for Economics, NCERT
2. Indian Economic Development, NCERT
3. Introductory Microeconomics, NCERT
4. Macroeconomics, NCERT
5. Supplementary Reading Material in Economics, CBSE

CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2022-23: FAQs

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