CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2022-23

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023

The Central Board of Secondary Education has recently released the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023 and announced that the board is going to conduct CBSE exams annually from the academic session 2022-23. Biology is a conceptual subject, to score good marks in biology students must complete the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023 given on this page and practice the previous year’s questions and practice papers to assess their preparation. On this page, we have given the detailed CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023, evaluation scheme, practical list, and paper design. Go through the entire article and bookmark this page to get all the latest updates from the Central Board of Secondary Education.

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Class 12 CBSE Biology Syllabus 2023

Here we have given the units of CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023. CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023 consists of Reproduction, Genetics and Evolution, Biology and Human Welfare, Biotechnology and its Applications, and Ecology and Environment. Check the marks distribution given below in the table.

CBSE Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023

Here we have given the chapter-wise CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023. The students must go through the whole syllabus and give priority to those chapters which hold higher weightage. Check out the CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023 given below:

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Unit 6

Unit 6: Reproduction

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination – types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis -spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health

Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Unit 7

Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance – haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans  thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Chapter-6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation – lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA
fingerprinting.

Chapter-7: Evolution

Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Unit 8

Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.

Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation andmicrobes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Unit 9

Unit 9: Biotechnology and its Applications

Chapter 11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes

Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Unit 10

Unit 10 Ecology and Environment

Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations

Population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)

Chapter 14: Ecosystem

Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles)

Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Practicals Given in CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023

Below we have given the evaluation scheme of practicals given CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023. Biology Practicals play an important role to boost scores in biology. For more details check the table below:

A. List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya, etc.

B. Study and observer the following (Spotting):

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.
3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.
7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak and colour blindness.
8. Controlled pollination – emasculation, tagging andbagging.
9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides, models or virtual images or specimens. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
10. Models specimen showing symbolic association in root modules of leguminous plants, Cuscuta on host, lichens.
11. Flash cards models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Class 12 Evaluation Scheme

To get details of practical examination for visually impaired students of class 12 check the table given below. In the below table we have given the topic-wise marks distribution.

General Guidelines

1. The practical examination will be of two hour duration. A separate list of ten experiments
   is included here.
2. The written examination in practicals for these students will be conducted at the time of practical examination of all other students.
3. The written test will be of 30 minutes duration.
4. The question paper given to the students should be legibly typed. It should contain a total of 15 practical skill based very short answer type questions. A student would be required to answer any 10 questions.
5. A writer may be allowed to such students as per CBSE examination rules.
6. All questions included in the question paper should be related to the listed practicals. Every question should require about two minutes to be answered.
7. These students are also required to maintain a practical file. A student is expected to record at least five of the listed experiments as per the specific instructions for each subject. These practicals should be duly checked and signed by the internal examiner.
8. The format of writing any experiment in the practical file should include aim, apparatus required, simple theory, procedure, related practical skills, precautions etc.
9. Questions may be generated jointly by the external/internal examiners and used for assessment.
10. The viva questions may include questions based on basic theory / principle / concept, apparatus / materials / chemicals required, procedure, precautions, sources of error etc.

A. List of Practicals

1. Study of flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects).

2. Identification of T.S of morula or blastula of frog (Model).

3. Study of Mendelian inheritance pattern using beads/seeds of different sizes/texture.

4. Preparation of pedigree charts of genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, colour blindness.

5. Study of emasculation, tagging and bagging by trying out an exercise on controlled pollination.

6. Identify common disease causing organisms like Ascaris (model)and learn some commonsymptoms of the disease that they cause.

7. Comment upon the morphological adaptations of plants found in xerophytic conditions.

Note: The above practicals may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.

B. Items for Identification/ familiarity with the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments) Beaker, flask, petriplates, soil from different sites – sandy, clayey, loamy, small potted plants, aluminium foil, paint brush, test tubes, starch solution, iodine, ice cubes, Bunsen burner/spirit lamp/water bath, large flowers, Maize inflorescence, model of developmental stages highlighting morula and blastula of frog, beads/seeds of different shapes/size/texture Ascaris, Cactus/Opuntia(model).

Prescribed Books for CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023

To complete CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023, the students can refer to the books listed below. These books are prescribed by the board itself, so students can solely rely on these books.

1. Biology, Class-XII, Published by NCERT
2. Other related books and manuals brought out by NCERT (consider multimedia also)
3. Biology Supplementary Material (Revised). Available on CBSE website.

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023: Question Paper Design

The Central Board of Secondary Education has given CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2023 in its syllabus. The students can check the question paper design to prepare effectively for their CBSE Class 12 Exam 2023. Have a look at the table below:

Note:

• Typology of questions: VSA including MCQs, Assertion – Reasoning type questions; SA; LAI; LA-II; Source-based/ Case-based/ Passage-based/ Integrated assessment questions.
• An internal choice of approximately 33% would be provided.

Suggestive verbs for various competencies

1. Demonstrate, Knowledge and Understanding: State, name, list, identify, define, suggest, describe, outline, summarize, etc.
2. Application of Knowledge/Concepts: Calculate, illustrate, show, adapt, explain, distinguish, etc.
3. Analyze, Evaluate and Create: Interpret, analyse, compare, contrast, examine, evaluate, discuss, construct, etc.

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