Q1. ব্রিটিশ সাফল্য এবং ফরাসি ব্যর্থতার কারণ সম্পর্কে নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন
- ব্রিটিশদের পরিচালনা করত রানী
- ফরাসিদের তুলনায় তাদের আর্থিক অবস্থা ভালো ছিল
- ব্রিটিশদের সেনাপতিরা উন্নত ছিল
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) 1 এবং 2
(b) 2 এবং 3
(c) কেবল 3
(d) 1, 2 এবং 3
Q2. নিম্নলিখিত কে ফরাসী সেনাবাহিনীর কমান্ডার ছিলেন
(a) স্যার আইয়ার কূট
(b) মেজর স্ট্রিংগার লরেন্স
(c) ডুপ্লেক্স
(d) (a) এবং (c) উভয়ই
Q3. নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন
1.ডেনিশ ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানি তানজোরে প্রথম কারখানা স্থাপন করেছিল
- ডেনিস তাদের ব্যবসায়ের চেয়ে মিশনারি কার্যক্রমের জন্য বেশি পরিচিত
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) কেবল 1
(b) কেবল 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 নয়
Q4. বন্দিবাসের যুদ্ধ সম্পর্কিত নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন
1.তামিলনাড়ুর বন্দিবাসে তৃতীয় কর্ণাটিক যুদ্ধে ফরাসিরা ব্রিটিশ বাহিনীকে পরাজিত করে জিতেছিল।
2.বন্দিবাসের বিজয় ইংলিশ ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানিকে ভারতে কোনও ইউরোপীয় প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বী ছিল না।
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) কেবল 1
(b) কেবল 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 নয়
Q5. নাদির শাহ সম্পর্কে নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতি বিবেচনা করুন
1.তিনি ছিলেন আহমদ শাহ আবদালির উত্তরসূরী এবং পারস্যের অন্তর্গত
- তিনি ময়ূর সিংহাসন এবং কোহিনূর হীরা কেড়ে নিয়েছিলেন
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) কেবল 1
(b) কেবল 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 নয়
Q6. পানিপথের তৃতীয় যুদ্ধের মধ্যে লড়াই হয়েছিল-
(a) আহমদ শাহ আবদালি ও মারাঠা
(b) বাবর ও ইব্রাহিম লোদি।
(c) আকবর ও হেমু
(d) মীর জাফর ও সিরাজ-উদ-দৌলা
Q7. পানিপত কেন ভারতের ইতিহাসে বিভিন্ন আক্রমণকারীর একটি প্রিয় যুদ্ধক্ষেত্র ছিল
- উত্তর পশ্চিম থেকে দিল্লি পর্যন্ত পাস
- সমতল ভূমি
- দীর্ঘ সময়কাল বর্ষার বৃষ্টিপাত
- মরুভূমি অঞ্চল
- দক্ষ কারিগরদের প্রাপ্যতা
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) 1,2,3 এবং 4
(b) 2,3,4 এবং 5
(c) 2, 3, 4
(d) 1,2,5
Q8. নিম্নলিখিত কে ভারতে ইজারা সিস্টেম প্রবর্তন করেন –
(a) ফররুখসিয়ার
(b) রাফি-উদ-দারাজাত
(c) বাহাদুর শাহ I
(d) জাহান্দর শাহ
Q9. মুগল সাম্রাজ্যের পতনের জন্য যে প্রধান কারণগুলি অবদান রেখেছে সেগুলি সম্পর্কে নিম্নলিখিত বিবৃতিগুলি বিবেচনা করুন
1.আভিজাত্য সহ স্থানীয় জমিদারদের সান্নিধ্য
- জাগিদার ও মনসাবের মধ্যে পারস্পরিক শত্রুতা
উপরোক্ত বিবৃতিগুলির মধ্যে কোনটি সঠিক / কোনগুলি সঠিক?
(a) কেবল 1
(b) কেবল 2
(c) 1 এবং 2 উভয়ই
(d) 1 বা 2 নয়
Q10. মধ্যযুগীয় ভারতকালে রাইস, রাজস, ঠাকুর, খুটস বা দেশমুখ ছিলেন মূলত
(a) জমিদার
(b) ব্যবসায়ীরা
(c) গ্রামের প্রধান
(d) পরিবারের প্রধান
Solutions
S1.Ans.(b)
Sol.
Causes for the English Success and the French Failure :
The English company was a private enterprise—this created a sense of enthusiasm and self-confidence among the people. With less governmental control over it, this company could take instant decisions when needed without waiting for the approval of the government. The French company, on the other hand, was a State concern. It was controlled and regulated by the French government and was hemmed in by government policies and delays in decision-making. The English navy was superior to the French navy; it helped to cut off the vital sea link between the French possessions in India and France. The English held three important places, namely, Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras whereas the French had only Pondicherry. The French subordinated their commercial interest to territorial ambition, which made the French company short of funds. In spite of their imperialistic motives, the British never neglected their commercial interests. So they always had the funds and the consequent sound financial condition to help them significantly in the wars against their rivals
S2.Ans.(c)
Sol.
A major factor in the success of the English in India was the superiority of the commanders in the British camp. In comparison to the long list of leaders on the English side —Sir Eyre Coote, Major Stringer Lawrence, Robert Clive, and many others—there was only Dupleix on the French side.
S3.Ans.(c)
Sol.
The Danish East India Company was established in 1616 and, in 1620, they founded a factory at Tranquebar near Tanjore, on the eastern coast of India. Their principal settlement was at Serampore near Calcutta. The Danish factories, which were not important at any time, were sold to the British government in 1845. The Danes are better known for their missionary activities than for commerce.
S4.Ans.(b)
Sol.
Battle of Wandiwash The decisive battle of the Third Carnatic War was won by the English on January 22, 1760, at Wandiwash (or Vandavasi) in Tamil Nadu. General Eyre Coote of the English totally routed the French army under Count Thomas Arthur de Lally and took Bussy as a prisoner. Pondicherry was gallantly defended by Lally for eight months before he surrendered on January 16, 1761. With the loss of Jinji and Mahe, the French power in India was reduced to its lowest. Lally, after being taken as a prisoner of war in London, returned to France where he was imprisoned and executed in 1766
The victory at Wandiwash left the English East India Company with no European rival in India
S5.Ans.(b)
Sol.
Nadir Shah, the Persian emperor, attacked India in 1738-39, conquered Lahore, and defeated the Mughal army at Karnal on February 13, 1739. Later, Muhammad Shah was captured, and Delhi was looted and devastated. According to an estimate, apart from the Peacock Throne and the Kohinoor diamond, seventy crore rupees were collected from the official treasury and the safes of the rich nobles. Nadir Shah gained the strategically important Mughal territory to the west of the Indus including Kabul. Thus, India once again became vulnerable to the attacks from the northwest.
Ahmad Shah Abdali (or Ahmad Shah Durrani) was elected the successor of Nadir Shah after the latter’s death in 1747, invaded India several times between 1748 and 1767.)
S6.Ans.(a)
Sol.
Panipat and its adjacent region, located in present Haryana on the banks of the Yamuna and between the fertile plains of the Ganga and Indus rivers, have witnessed several battles. These battles changed the course of Indian history at different points in time.
∎ The First Battle of Panipat in 1526 was between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi. The result of the battle laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire by ending the rule of the Delhi Sultanate.
∎ The Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 was between Akbar and Hemu; it decided in favor of the continuation of the Mughal rule.
∎ The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 between the Marathas and Ahmad Shah Abdali put an end to the Maratha ambition of ruling over India.
S7.Ans.(d)
Sol.
Why Panipat was a favorite battlefield
Panipat and its adjacent region, located in present Haryana on the banks of the Yamuna and between the fertile plains of the Ganga and Indus rivers, have witnessed several battles
∎ Panipat had a strategic location. One of the parties of the war generally came from the north/northwest through the Khyber Pass to get hold over Delhi, the political capital of northern India. To move a military through rough terrains—deserts of Rajasthan or the other northern areas infested with dense forests—was very risky and difficult. On the other hand, the rulers at Delhi considered Panipat as a confrontable strategic ground and hence they preferred to take the fight there.
∎ Its proximity to Delhi made it easier for the Indian rulers to transport weapons, military and food supplies, etc., to the battleground, and still keep the capital insulated from the conflict at hand.
∎ Panipat’s surrounding region has a flat ground that was suitable for cavalry movement—the main mode of warfare at the time.
∎ After the construction of the Grand Trunk Road by Sher Shah Suri (1540-45), Panipat was on this route. It became easier for conquerors to find their way there.
∎ The duration of monsoon rainfall in the region is short in comparison to other areas making it easier to fight.
∎ The artisans/smiths of these regions were experts in making warfare-related materials and hence it became easier for forces of both parties to replenish their war materials
S8.Ans.(d)
Sol.
Jahandar Shah (March 1712-February 1713) With the help of Zulfikar Khan, Jahandar Shah became the emperor. Zulfikar Khan was appointed prime minister; he introduced izara system to improve the financial condition of the empire. Jahandar Shah abolished Jaziya.
S9.Ans.(c)
Sol.
The nobility comprised people who were either assigned large jagirs and mansabs or appointed subahdars of Mughal subas and given the responsibility of maintaining these. To this class belonged many Rajput rulers, subahdars, and mansabdars. Mughal rule has often been defined as “the rule of the nobility” because these nobles played a central role in administering the empire Mutual rivalry, jealousy, and contest for power among the various groups during the rule of the later Mughals (in the absence of strong central leadership) not only reduced the prestige of the emperor but also contributed to the decline of the empire
Two classes shared the power of the State with the emperor during the medieval period—the zamindars and the nobles. The zamindars were hereditary owners of their lands who enjoyed certain privileges on a hereditary basis and were variously known as rais, rajas, thakurs, khuts, or Deshmukh’s Though the Mughals had tried to curb the power of the zamindars and maintain direct contact with the peasants, they had not wholly succeeded. During the reign of Aurangzeb itself, there was a marked increase in the power and influence of the zamindars. The biggest fallout of this was that regional loyalties were encouraged. Many local zamindars helped the nobility, the other powerful class within the empire, to take advantage of the weakness of the emp
S10.Ans.(a)
Sol.
The zamindars were hereditary owners of their lands who enjoyed certain privileges on a hereditary basis and were variously known as rais, rajas, thakurs, khuts, or Deshmukh. They occupied an important place in the empire because they helped in the collection of revenue and in local administration, for which they maintained soldiers
